XIE Fu-ti,S.K.St.Martin,ZHANG Hui-jun,et al.Evaluation of Old and Modern Soybean Cultivars in Liaoning and Ohio[J].Soybean Science,2010,29(04):601-606.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2010.04.0601]
中国辽宁和美国俄亥俄新老大豆品种的比较研究
- Title:
- Evaluation of Old and Modern Soybean Cultivars in Liaoning and Ohio
- 文章编号:
- 1000-9841（2010）04-0601-06
- Keywords:
- Soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; Genetic gain; Breeding; Cultivars
- 分类号:
- S565.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 未来的大豆产量获得将取决于对过去遗传改良的认识。在中国辽宁省和美国俄亥俄州布置试验比较研究2个地区育成的新老大豆品种，以了解这2个地区大豆遗传改良的一些进展。结果表明：在俄亥俄试验点，俄亥俄州立大学育成的新品种比老品种增产78%，比辽宁新品种增产22%。在辽宁省试验点，俄亥俄新品种和辽宁新品种均比老品种增产约50%。在辽宁试验环境下，大豆植株生长较高大，倒伏也相对严重，尤其老品种倒伏更重。与辽宁新品种和老品种相比，俄亥俄新品种蛋白质含量较低，脂肪含量较高。两地的育种家对大豆的产量遗传改良成绩显著，同时植株得到矮化、节间缩短和抗倒伏能力提高，主茎籽粒产量比例提高、粒/茎比增加。辽宁育种家注重籽粒大小和蛋白含量的改良，但这2个性状没有引起俄亥俄育种家的重视，双方互换种质将有利于大豆的遗传改良。
- Abstract:
- Future yield gains may depend on an understanding of the past changes made to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr\] by breeding.The objective of this study was to use experiments in Ohio and Liaoning province to compare a set of older cultivars from Liaoning province with their modern counterparts derived from breeding programs in Liaoning and Ohio.Tested in Ohio,Ohio cultivars exceeded the older cultivars in yield by 78% and modern Liaoning cultivars exceeded their older counterparts by 22%.In Liaoning,both groups of modern cultivars exceeded the mean yield of older cultivars by about 50%.The Liaoning environment produced greater mean height and displayed more lodging.The worst lodging scores belonged to the older cultivars.Ohio cultivars were lower in protein but higher in oil than the other two groups.Both Chinese and USA breeders have selected successfully for improved yield,shorter plants,shorter internode length,greater lodging resistance,higher percentage of yield produced on main stem and higher ratio of seed yield/stem.Selection for soy food use in China resulted in large seed size and high protein,but those traits have been largely neglected in the USA.The results suggest mutual benefits from germplasm exchange.
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备注/Memo
Corresponding author：XIE Fu-ti(1966-),male,PhD,professor,engaged in soybean breeding.E-mail:snsoybean@yahoo.com.cn.