烯效唑对不同施肥水平下大豆鼓粒期群体特征和产量调控效应研究
- Title:
- Study on Regulation Effects of Uniconazole on Population Characteristics and Yield during Seed Filling Stage of Soybeans under Different Fertilization Levels
- 摘要:
- 为探究烯效唑植物生长调节剂化控技术对大豆鼓粒期群体特征和产量的调控效果，以黑河43为试验材料，在2022和2023年进行两年的大田试验。试验设3个施肥水平分别为低肥力处理（F1），常规肥力（F2）和高肥力处理（F3）。初花期对不同施肥水平下大豆叶面喷施浓度分别为0，25，50，75和100 mg·L-1烯效唑（CK、S1、S2、S3和S4）。分析不同施肥水平下，施用不同浓度烯效唑对鼓粒期大豆群体形态特征、光合参数、光衰减系数、产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明：初花期对大豆施用不同浓度烯效唑会在一定程度上抑制植株高度，但同时也能显著促进其茎粗增加、节数增多以及叶面积指数的提升。在低、中施肥水平下，100 mg·L-1烯效唑能最有效地降低植株高度及增加茎粗，同时大部分烯效唑处理都显著增加了叶面积指数，其中50 mg·L-1烯效唑的增加效果最为显著。在高施肥水平下，100 mg·L-1烯效唑处理仍然是抑制株高和增加茎粗的最有效浓度，而75 mg·L-1处理使叶面积指数提高最为显著。进一步增加施肥量可提升大豆在R5期的光合作用速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率，其中，低、中肥力水平下50 mg·L-1烯效唑效果依旧最为显著，而在高肥力土壤中则是75 mg·L-1烯效唑效果最显著。随着植物冠层高度的提升，冠层光衰减系数有所降低，在各种施肥水平条件下，烯效唑处理的影响具有显著性差异，在低肥力时50 mg·L-1烯效唑效果显著，在高肥力土壤中则是75 mg·L-1浓度表现最佳。同时，施肥水平和烯效唑浓度的增加也有助于促进大豆的理论产量和产量构成要素的改善，在低肥及中肥力条件下，烯效唑浓度为50 mg·L-1效果最明显。在高肥力条件下75 mg·L-1烯效唑的效果最明显。与对照相比分别实现了增产2.98%、3.79%和4.12%。适宜浓度的烯效唑喷施可以有效改善大豆的生长状况和产量，提升光合作用效率，并优化冠层结构，从而促进大豆产量提高。
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备注/Memo
国家重点研发子课题（2022YFD1000105）。