播期对不同熟期组大豆品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Soybean Varieties Quality in Different Maturity Groups
- 摘要:
- 为明确不同播期对大豆品质的影响，本研究以东北地区不同熟期组（早、中、晚）的20个大豆品种为试材，探讨了不同播期（5月13日、5月23日、6月2日、6月12日和6月22日）条件下大豆蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、蛋脂总量等品质指标的变化规律。结果表明：整体而言，播期推迟在10 d以内，对大豆品质影响较小，推迟10~20 d，对蛋白质含量的影响大于对脂肪含量影响，推迟20 d以上，各项品质指标与第1期差异达到显著或极显著水平，推迟40 d时，蛋白质含量和脂肪含量均极显著下降，达到最低值。本研究进一步分析了不同熟期组大豆品质对播期推迟的响应。结果表明：大豆品质指标随播期推迟而变化的趋势与品种的生育日数（即熟期）密切相关，不同熟期组间存在较大差异，播期推迟越晚导致早熟组大豆平均蛋白质含量降低的幅度越大，第3期（6月2日）及以后各期蛋白质含量较第1期（5月13日）下降达到显著、极显著水平，中熟组和晚熟组大豆的蛋白质含量分别在6月2日和6月12日前，差异不显著；晚熟组大豆脂肪含量随播期推迟显著下降，且下降幅度逐渐扩大，早熟组和中熟组大豆的脂肪含量分别在6月2日和6月12日下降未达显著水平；不同熟期组的大豆蛋脂总量总体上随播期的推迟而下降，其下降趋势与蛋白质含量的变化规律基本一致，即早熟组大豆在晚播10 d以上时，蛋脂总量显著下降，而中熟组、晚熟组大豆蛋脂总量分别在6月12日和6月2日播种，蛋脂总量相对稳定；不同熟期组大豆晚播30 d以上时，各项品质指标均会出现严重下降。本研究为沈阳地区晚播大豆的品质预测提供重要参考依据。
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