[1]田博文,李彦生,杨越,等.钾肥施用对菜用大豆和普通大豆开花后氮素积累的影响[J].大豆科学,2017,36(02):262-267.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2017.02.0262]
　TIAN Bowen,LI Yansheng,YANG Yue,et al.Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Application on Nitrogen Accumulation after Flowering in Vegetable Soybean and Grain Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2017,36(02):262-267.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2017.02.0262]
点击复制

钾肥施用对菜用大豆和普通大豆开花后氮素积累的影响

《大豆科学》[ISSN:1000-9841/CN:23-1227/S] 卷: 第36卷 期数: 2017年02期 页码: 262-267 栏目: 出版日期: 2017-03-20
Title:
Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Application on Nitrogen Accumulation after Flowering in Vegetable Soybean and Grain Soybean
作者:
田博文1; 2; 李彦生2; 杨越1; 2; 李蕊1; 2; 涂冰洁1; 2; 刘长锴2; 3; 张秋英2; 刘晓冰1; 2
1东北农业大学 资源与环境学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030；?
2中国科学院 东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081；
3中国科学院大学，北京100049
Author(s):
TIAN Bowen1; 2;  LI Yansheng2;  YANG Yue1; 2;  LI Rui1; 2;  TU Bingjie1; 2;  LIU Changkai2; 3;  ZHANG Qiuying2;  LIU Xiaobing1; 2
1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150081, China;?
2Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China;?
3University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
关键词:
菜用大豆; 钾肥施用; 氮素积累; 生殖生长期
Keywords:
Vegetable soybean;  Potassium application;  Nitrogen accumulation;  Reproductive stage
DOI:
10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2017.02.0262
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
钾素营养充足，可以提高作物抗逆能力和产量。随着氮、磷肥在生产中施用的增加，钾肥已逐渐成为作物产量的最大限制因子。大豆开花后籽粒形成期是大豆氮素积累、产量提高的重要时期，文章对钾肥施用后菜用大豆和普通大豆两者开花后氮素的积累进行了比较研究。在正常氮磷种肥用量基础上，设置3种施钾处理：不施钾（K0）、种肥施钾120 kg?hm-2（K1）、种肥施钾120 kg?hm-2且在花、荚期喷施30 kg?hm-2 叶面钾肥（K2），探究菜用大豆、普通大豆开花后28~56 d内籽粒、叶片、茎中氮素积累动态。结果表明：施用钾肥增进两种类型大豆植株各部位中氮素积累。同时期内，两种类型大豆在各施肥处理下各部位的氮素积累量均为K2＞K1＞K0，大豆植株各部位中相对氮素累积量均为籽粒＞叶片＞茎。钾肥施用对提高菜用大豆籽粒氮素含量的效应高于普通大豆，与K0相比，K2处理下菜用大豆、普通大豆籽粒平均氮素含量分别增加了0.19%和0.1%。施用钾肥提高了菜用大豆叶片氮素转移效率，相比K0处理，K1、K2处理分别增加了6.1%、8.2%，而对普通大豆影响不大。钾肥施用显著增加普通大豆茎中氮素积累，但菜用大豆品种间差异较大。
Abstract:
Sufficient potassium nutrition can improve crop resilience and enhance crop yields With the increase of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application in crop production, potash fertilizer has been the limiting factor for the enhancement of crop yield Seed formation after flowering is the main period of dry matter accumulation, as well as determination stage for soybean yield However, the effect of potash fertilizer on the nitrogen accumulation after flowering to vegetable soybean and grain soybean was seldom reported In this study, based on the rates of normal nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application, three potassium(K) fertilization treatments were imposed: No K application(K0), 120 kg?ha-1 K2SO4 at seeding(K1), and 120 kg?ha-1K2SO4 at seedling +1% K2SO4 foliar application at flowering(K2) The nitrogen accumulations in grain, leaf and stem of soybean from 28-56 days after flowering between vegetable soybean and grain soybean were investigated The results showed that potassium application increased the nitrogen accumulation in both types of soybeans The amount of nitrogen accumulation under different fertilization treatments was in the order of K2>K1>K0, and the amount of nitrogen accumulation in each part was in the order of seed>leaf>stem The potassium application had more prominent effect on seed nitrogen accumulation in vegetable soybean than that of grain soybean Compared with K0, the average nitrogen content in K2 treatment was 0.19% and 0.1% for vegetable soybean and grain soybean respectively Compared with K0 treatment, K1 and K2 treatments increased the nitrogen translocation efficiency by 6.1% and 8.2% in vegetable soybean leaves, but had no effect on grain soybean leaves Stem nitrogen accumulation in grain soybean was significantly increased by potassium application, while the responses varied between vegetable soybean cultivars

参考文献/References:

［1］谢甫绨, 谈伟, 姜旭菜用大豆的价值与发展前景［J］. 新农业, 2010(10): 15-15 (Xie F T，Tan W，Jiang X Value and development prospect of vegetable soybean［J］. New Agriculture, 2010 (10): 15-15)

［2］Konovsky J Edamame: The vegetable soybean［J］. Understanding the Japanese food and agrimarket: A multifaceted opportunity, 1994:173-181
［3］Mozzoni L A Quality attributes of vegetable type soybean as a function of boiling time and condition［J］. Int J Food Sci Technol, 2009(44):2089-2099
［4］宗大辉, 徐辉, 李晓翠钾肥的作用及施用方法［J］. 吉林农业, 2007 (5): 32-33 (Zong D H，Xu H，Li X C Effect of potassium fertilizer and its application method［J］. Agriculture in Jilin, 2007 (5): 32-33)
［5］张秋英, 李彦生, 王国栋, 等菜用大豆品质及其影响因素研究进展［J］. 大豆科学, 2010, 29(6): 1065-1070 (Zhang Q Y,Li Y S,Wang G D, et alResearch progress on quality of vegetable soybean and its influencing factors［J］. Soybean Science, 2010, 29(6): 1065-1070)
［6］张秋英, 杨文月, 李艳华, 等中国菜用大豆研究现状, 生产中的问题及展望［J］. 大豆科学, 2007, 26(6): 950-954(Zhang Q Y,Yang W Y,Li Y H, et al Current status，production problem and prospects of vegetable soybean in China［J］. Soybean Science，2007, 26(6): 950-954)
［7］王丹英菜用大豆品质生理研究［D］. 杭州：浙江大学, 2001(Wang D YStuides on relationship between vegetable soybean eating quality and its components［D］. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2001)
［8］杜明，李彦生，张秋英等钾肥对菜用大豆生殖生长期叶片叶绿素含量的影响［J］. 大豆科学, 2009,31(6):941-946 (Du M, Li Y S, Zhang Q Y, et al Effects of potassium fertilizer on chlorophyll of vegetable soybean in reproductive stages ［J］. Soybean Science, 2012, 31(6): 941-946)
［9］王小纯, 程振云, 何建国,等不同形态氮素对专用型小麦花后氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响［J］. 生态学报, 2005, 25(25):802-807 (Wang X C, Cheng Z Y, He J G, et al Effects of differentnitrogen forms on key enzyme activity involved in nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content in speciality wheat cultivars［J］. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(25):802-807)
［10］于惠琳, 张惠君, 王海英, 等施肥处理对菜用大豆和普通大豆品质形成的影响［J］. 大豆科学, 2008, 27(3): 475-479 (Yu H L, Zhang H J, Wang H Y, et al Effect of different fertilizer levels on quality of vegetable type and grain type soybeans ［J］. Soybean Science, 2008, 27(3): 475-479)
［11］Yang X E，Liu J X，Wang W M，et al． Potassium internal use efficiency relative to growth vigor，potassium distribution，and carbohydrate allocation in rice genotypes［J］. Journal of Plant Nutrition，2004，27(5): 837-852．
［12］王旭东, 于振文, 王东钾对小麦旗叶蔗糖和籽粒淀粉积累的影响［J］. 植物生态学报, 2003, 27(2): 196-201(Wang X D, Yu Z W, Wang D Effect of potassium on sucrose content of flag leaves and starch accumulation of kernels in wheat［J］. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2003, 27(2): 196-201)
［13］杜明, 李彦生, 张秋英,等菜用大豆钾素营养研究进展［J］. 大豆科学, 2012,31(3): 487-491 (Du M, Li Y S, Zhang Q Y, et al Advance of potassium nutrition in vegetable soybean［J］. Soybean Science, 2012, 31(3): 487-491)
［14］郑淑琴 钾对大豆生理效应及产量和品质的影响［J］. 黑龙江农业科学, 2001, 25(4): 25-27 (Zheng S Q Effect of potassium on the physiology, yield and quality of soybean［J］. Heilongjiang Agricultural Science, 2001, 25(4): 25-27)
［15］焦峰, 王鹏, 翟瑞常钾肥对大豆硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性及产量和品质的影响［J］. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2009, 21(4): 12-15(Jiao F, Wang P, Zhai R C Effects of potassium application rates on activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, yield and quality of soybean［J］. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2009, 21(4): 12-15)
［16］汪自强, 陶秀明不同供钾水平下春大豆的氮积累和利用［J］. 中国农业科学, 1997, 30(5): 20-25(Wang Z Q, Tao X M Nitrogen accumulation and utilization of spring soybean under different potassium supply levels［J］. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1997, 30(5): 20-25)
［17］焦光纯大豆植株干物质积累与氮素动态变化研究［D］. 东北农业大学, 2003 (Jiao G C Studies on the dry matter accumulation and the dynamic change of nitrogen in soybean［D］. Northeast Agricultural University, 2003)
［18］沈中泉有机肥料对改善农产品品质的作用及机理［J］. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1995, 1(2): 54-60(Shen Z Q Effect and mechanism of organic fertilizers on improving the quality of agricultural products［J］. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Sciences, 1995, 1(2): 54-60)
［19］杜明, 李彦生, 张秋英,菜用大豆产量对钾肥施用的响应研究［J］. 土壤与作物, 2012(2): 89-93 (Du M，Li Y S, Zhang Q Y, et al Responses of vegetable soybean yield to the application of potassium fertilizer［J］. Soil and Crop, 2012(2): 89-93)
［20］田昌玉, 林治安, 左余宝, 等氮肥利用率计算方法评述［J］. 土壤通报, 2011, 42 (6): 1530-1536 (Tian C Y，Lin Z A，Zuo Y B, et al Review on several concepts on fertilizer nitrogen recovery rate and its calculation［J］. Chinese Journal of Soil Sience, 2011, 42 (6): 1530-1536)
［21］郭明明, 赵广才, 郭文善, 等追氮时期和施钾量对小麦氮素吸收运转的调控［J］. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22 (3): 590-597 (Guo M M, Zhao G C, Guo W S, et al Regulation of nitrogen topdressing stage and potassium fertilizer rate on absorption and translocation of nitrogen by wheat［J］. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(3): 590-597)

相似文献/References:

[1]张惠君,路茸,王海英,等.始花期追施尿素对早熟菜用大豆农艺性状和产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):68.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.016]
　ZHANG Hui-jun,LU Rong,WANG Hai-ying,et al.Effect of Topdressing Urea at R1 on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Early-Mature Vegetable-Type Soybeans[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(02):68.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.016]
[2]王冬冬,徐琪,杨洋,等.基施生物质炭对菜用大豆植株营养吸收及土壤养分供应初报[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):72.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.017]
　WANG Dong-dong,XU Qi,YANG Yang,et al.Effect of Biochar Application as Basal Fertilizer on Nutrition Absorption and Soil Nutrient Supply of Vegetable Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(02):72.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.017]
[3]陈润兴,雷 俊,汪寿根,等.秋季菜用大豆延后播种对鲜荚产量和主要农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(05):625.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.05.0625]
　CHEN Run-xing,LEI Jun,WANG Shou-gen,et al.Effects of Delayed Sowing on Fresh Pod Yield and Main Agronomic Traits of Autumn Vegetable Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(02):625.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.05.0625]
[4]张玉梅,胡润芳,林国强.菜用大豆品质性状研究进展[J].大豆科学,2013,32(05):698.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.05.0698]
　ZHANG Yu-mei,HU Run-fang,LIN Guo-qiang.Research Advance on Quality Traits of Vegetable Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(02):698.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.05.0698]
[5]钟灿,肖深根,朱保葛,等.菜用大豆高效胚尖离体再生基因型筛选[J].大豆科学,2012,31(01):9.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.01.003]
　ZHONG Can,XIAO Shen-gen,ZHU Bao-ge,et al.Selection of High-efficient Regeneration Genotype from Embryonic Tips of Vegetable-type Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2012,31(02):9.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.01.003]
[6]李彦生,杜明,刘晓冰,等.氮素用量对菜用大豆生殖生长期根系及鲜荚产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2012,31(01):47.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.01.011]
　LI Yan-sheng,DU Ming,LIU Xiao-bing,et al.Effects of Different Nitrogen Dosage on Root Morphology During Reproductive Stages and Fresh Pod Yield in Vegetable Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2012,31(02):47.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.01.011]
[7]黄其椿,李初英,吴建明,等.不同遮光处理对菜用大豆产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2012,31(01):81.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.01.018]
　HUANG Qi-chun,LI Chu-ying,WU Jian-ming,et al.Influence of Shading Stress on Yield and Yield Traits of Vegetable Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2012,31(02):81.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.01.018]
[8]吴冬梅,严菊敏,何会超,等.不同贮藏方式对菜用大豆外观和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2012,31(01):155.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.01.036]
　WU Dong-mei,YAN Ju-min,HE Hui-chao,et al.Effects of Different Storage Method on Appearance and Quality of Vegetable Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2012,31(02):155.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.01.036]
[9]张惠君,路茸,王海英,等.始花期追施尿素对菜用大豆品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2011,30(05):804.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2011.05.0804]
　ZHANG Hui-jun,LU Rong,WANG Hai-ying,et al.Effect of Topdressing Urea at Beginning of Bloom on Seed Quality of Vegetable-Type Soybean Cultivars[J].Soybean Science,2011,30(02):804.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2011.05.0804]
[10]杜 明,李彦生,张秋英,等.菜用大豆钾素营养研究进展[J].大豆科学,2012,31(03):487.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.03.032]
　DU Ming,LI Yan-sheng,ZHANG Qiu-ying,et al.Advance of Potassium Nutrition in Vegetable Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2012,31(02):487.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.03.032]

备注/Memo

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（41471241）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0100201-28）。

第一作者简介： 田博文（1990-），男，硕士，主要从事作物营养与氮素积累研究。E-mail:justmytt@163.com。

更新日期/Last Update: 2017-05-14