[1]陈其鲜,王本辉,刘路平,等.西北旱作大豆田不同地膜覆盖模式保墒增温增产效应研究[J].大豆科学,2016,35(01):58-63.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2016.01.0058]
　CHEN Qi-xian,WANG Ben-hui,LIU Lu-ping,et al.Effects of Plastic Mulching on Soil Moisture Conservation, Temperature Improvement and Soybean Yield Increase in Dryland of Northwest China[J].Soybean Science,2016,35(01):58-63.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2016.01.0058]
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西北旱作大豆田不同地膜覆盖模式保墒增温增产效应研究

《大豆科学》[ISSN:1000-9841/CN:23-1227/S] 卷: 第35卷 期数: 2016年01期 页码: 58-63 栏目: 出版日期: 2016-01-20
Title:
Effects of Plastic Mulching on Soil Moisture Conservation, Temperature Improvement and Soybean Yield Increase in Dryland of Northwest China
作者:
陈其鲜1; 2; 王本辉3; 刘路平1; 周德录2; 韩天富1; 吴存祥1
1．中国农业科学院 作物科学研究所，北京 100081；
2.甘肃省农业技术推广总站，甘肃 兰州 730000；
3.甘肃省庆城县农业技术推广中心，甘肃 庆城 745600
Author(s):
CHEN Qi-xian1; 2;  WANG Ben-hui3;  LIU Lu-ping1;  ZHOU De-lu2;  HAN Tian-fu1;  WU Cun-xiang1
1. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2.Gansu General Station of Agrotechnology Extension, Lanzhou 730020, China;
3.Qingcheng Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qingcheng 745600, China
关键词:
大豆; 地膜覆盖; 土壤水分; 温度; 旱地
Keywords:
Soybean;  Plastic mulching;  Soil moisture;  Temperature;  Dryland
DOI:
10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2016.01.0058
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
覆盖栽培是缓解干旱和春季低温等西北地区大豆生产制约因素的有效措施。为比较不同地膜覆盖模式在旱作大豆生产中的应用效果，本研究以中黄41为材料，选用全膜双垄沟播、全膜覆土平作、全膜平铺、半膜覆盖平作4种覆盖播种模式，以露地平作为对照，研究不同覆盖模式对土壤水分、温度及产量和效益的影响。结果表明：不同覆膜模式对大豆不同生育时期土壤含水量和温度影响明显。大豆苗期，全膜双垄沟播土壤含水量略高于全膜覆土平作和全膜平铺，显著高于半膜覆盖平作和露地平作；分枝期至结荚期，处理间土壤含水量差异更加明显，全膜覆土平作、全膜双垄沟播和全膜平铺处理的含水量分别为15.6%～16.8%、15.1%～17.1%和14.4%～16.3%，比露地平作高2.5～5.1个百分点，较半膜覆盖平作高2.0～4.2个百分点。苗期，全膜双垄沟播土壤温度较半膜覆盖平作高2.0～4.6℃，较露地平作高2.9～5.1℃；分枝期，全膜双垄沟播土壤温度较半膜覆盖平作高1.6～2.9℃，较露地平作高2.6～4.5℃；开花期，全膜双垄沟播土壤温度较半膜覆盖平作高0.9～2.3℃，较露地平作高3.5～5.2℃。地膜覆盖处理的产量均高于露地平作，其中以全膜双垄沟播最高，较露地平作增产45.78%。可见，不同覆盖模式均可起到保墒增温增产效果，其中全膜双垄沟播实现了雨水的富集叠加利用，保墒、增温效果好，增产增收效果显著。
Abstract:
Mulching is an effective way for alleviating the stresses of limiting factors including drought and low spring temperature in soybean production of Northwest China. In order to investigate the application consequences of different plastic mulching in soybean production, we used soybean cv. Zhonghuang 41 as material and conducted five mulching treatments: Full mulching on double ridges and furrows (FMDRF); Full flat-mulching with soil covering (FFMSC); Full flat-mulching with no soil covering (FFMNSC); Half flat-mulching (HFM); No mulching on flat land (NM).The comparisons were made between different mulching in the effects on soil moisture, temperature and soybean yield. The results showed that mulching had significant effect on soil moisture and temperature at various growth stages of soybean. At the seedling stages the soil moisture in FMDRF was slightly higher than in FFMSC and FFMNSC, but it was significantly higher than in HFM and NM. From branching to podding stages, differences of the treatments in soil moisture became even greater than in seedling stage. The moisture content in FFMSC, FMDRF and FFMNSC was 15.6%-16.8%, 15.1%-17.1% and 14.4%-17.1% respectively, with increasing 2.5-5.1 percentage points compared to NF and 2.0-4.2 percentage points to HFM. Concerning the soil temperature, it was 2.0-4.6℃ and 2.9-5.1℃ higher in FMDRF than that in HFM and NM at seedling stage. At branching stage, the soil temperature in FMDRF was 1.6-2.9℃ and 2.6-4.5℃ higher than in HFM and NM, respectively. At the flowering stage, it was 0.9-2.3℃ and 3.5-5.2℃ higher in FMDRF than in HFM and NM. Soybean yield in FMDRF was the highest among the treatments and it was 45.78% higher than that in NM. It could be drawn that plastic mulching improved the soil moisture and the temperature, resulting in yield increase in soybean. FMDRF performed best in soybean yield among the mulching modes because of its unique water channeling and depositing functions in dryland.

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备注/Memo

基金项目：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-04）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303011）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

第一作者简介：陈其鲜（1979-），男，硕士，高级农艺师，主要从事作物栽培研究。E-mail: cqxwin@126.com。
通讯作者：韩天富（1963-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事大豆遗传育种和产业技术研发工作。E-mail: hantianfu@caas.cn；吴存祥（1969-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事大豆遗传育种与栽培工作。E-mail: wucunxiang@caas.cn。

更新日期/Last Update: 2016-01-28