[1]余海龙,任毓忠*,杜娟,等.新疆大豆炭腐病病原鉴定及生物学特性[J].大豆科学,2026,(03):129-137.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2026.03.0129]

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新疆大豆炭腐病病原鉴定及生物学特性

《大豆科学》[ISSN:1000-9841/CN:23-1227/S] 卷: 期数: 2026年03期页码: 129-137 栏目: 出版日期: 2026-05-20

Title:: Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogen Causing Soybean Charcoal Rot in Xinjiang

作者:: 余海龙¹; 任毓忠¹*; 杜娟¹; 刘锦华¹; 何文鑫¹; 黎涛¹; 杨书¹; 张恒斌²*; 1.石河子大学农学院/新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003；2.新疆农垦科学院作物研究所，新疆石河子 832000

关键词:: 大豆; 根腐病; 炭腐病; 菜豆壳球孢; 病原鉴定; 生物学特性

DOI:: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2026.03.0129

摘要:: 大豆炭腐病是世界各大豆主产区常见的土传病害之一，严重影响大豆的产量和品质。为鉴定新疆大豆炭腐病的病原菌种类，并探究其生物学特性，2024年6—8月，在新疆大豆种植区采集病样并分离、纯化病原菌，通过观察供试菌株形态特征和培养特性，比对rDNA-ITS区、tef1-α、tub2、cmd、act基因部分序列及多基因联合系统发育分析鉴定病原菌。并设置不同温度、pH以及光照条件，测定病原菌的生物学特性。结果显示：共分离纯化82个菌株，菌株在PDA培养基上生长较快（3 d后菌落直径达9 cm），初为白色，后变为黑灰色，并产生大量直径90～220 μm的黑色菌核；13个供试菌株rDNA-ITS区、tef1-α、tub2、cmd、act基因部分序列与菜豆壳球孢（Macrophomina phaseolina）BRIP 70703菌株序列（GenBank登录号分别为MW591683、MW592216、MW592296、MW592135和MW592107）相似性分别大于99.83%、98.99%、99.67%、99.83%和99.29%。多基因联合的系统发育分析也均与菜豆壳球孢菌聚于同一分支；确定引起新疆大豆炭腐病的病原为菜豆壳球孢（M. phaseolina）。XJM2-3菌株在30 ℃、pH7、全光照条件下生长最快；25～35 ℃、pH10、全光照条件下菌核产生数量最多；病菌的致死温度为57 ℃。因此，引起新疆大豆炭腐病的病原菌为菜豆壳球孢（M. phaseolina），30 ℃高温和充足的光照条件利于病菌生长。研究结果可为制定新疆地区大豆炭腐病的有效防治措施提供理论基础。

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更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01