2000—2023年俄罗斯远东地区登记大豆品种来源、产量、品质及主要性状演变分析
- Title:
- Analysis of Origin, Yield, Quality and Main Traits Evolution of Registered Soybean Varieties in Far East Region of Russia from 2000 to 2023
- 摘要:
- 为了解俄罗斯远东地区大豆育种现状，大豆品种的产量、品质以及主要性状的演变情况，本文对2000—2023年该地区登记的107个大豆品种的来源、育种方法以及花色、叶型、茸毛色、结荚习性、生育期天数、株高、百粒重、籽粒蛋白质、脂肪含量、产量等性状进行分析。结果表明：远东地区大豆品种主要来源包括俄罗斯本国科研机构、本国企业以及外国育种机构，其中全俄大豆研究所是该地区最重要的大豆育种单位，其主要育种方法为杂交育种。该地区大豆品种在培育过程中花色、茸毛色不作为选择标准，而卵形叶、无限结荚习性大豆品种数量较多。品种的平均生育期天数、百粒重、籽粒蛋白质含量以及产量等性状整体上呈逐渐上升趋势，而株高和籽粒脂肪含量整体上呈逐渐下降趋势，其中平均产量上升9.03%，生育期天数增加2.02%，百粒重上升4.96%，籽粒蛋白质含量上升2.21%，株高下降2.47%，籽粒脂肪含量下降2.4%。研究结果表明2000—2023年间俄罗斯远东地区大豆育种水平逐步提高，但其品种在产量及品质等方面较相邻的我国黑龙江省大豆品种不具备明显优势，我国大豆品种具有在俄罗斯远东地区登记和推广的潜力。
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