高油高产大豆精量化播种施肥配套模型的构建
- Title:
- Construction of Quantitative Sowing and Fertilization Model for High Oil and High Yield Soybean
- 摘要:
- 为分析大豆播种、施肥方式对大豆产量及油份含量构成的影响，掌握科学化提质、增产技术措施，以高油高产大豆新品种黑农531为材料，分别设置播种密度、施肥深度和施肥量单因素梯度试验，分析单因素指标对产量构成因子与油分含量的影响。采用二次回归正交试验设计，以产量和油分含量为指标建立大豆播种施肥一体化措施的数学模型，并明确最高产量、最高油分含量下的精量化实施措施组合。结果表明：单株荚数和单株粒数随着播种密度的增加均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势，以28万株·hm-2为临界值；单株荚数和单株粒数随着施肥深度的增加呈现出逐渐增加的趋势，百粒重随着施肥深度的增加呈现出抛物线状变化；单株荚数、单数粒数及百粒重均随施肥量的增加呈现出逐渐增加的趋势，均以375 kg·hm-2为临界值；大豆油份含量随着播种密度增加、施肥层加深、施肥量提高均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势，各播种密度处理之间的油份含量差异不大，浅施肥和增加施肥量均能显著提高大豆油份含量；得出大豆产量与播种密度（X1）、施肥深度（X2）、施肥量（X3）之间的回归方程为：Y=2 714.696+47.445X1+15.768X2+2.967X3-0.490 8X12-1.862X22-0.001 22X3+0.680 9X1×X2-0.078 3X1×X3-0.005 9X2×X3。大豆油份与播种密度、施肥深度、施肥量之间的回归方程为：Y=14.288+0.410X1+0.083X2+0.014 6X3-0.006 47X12-0.010 8X22-0.000 008 17X32+0.004 86X1×X2-0.000 316X1×X3-0.000 069 1X2×X3。通过该模型预测高油高产大豆最高产量可达到3 952.023 kg·hm-2，达到最大产量需播种密度为28万株·hm-2，种下施肥深度为10 cm，施肥量为225.080 5 kg·hm-2；最高油份可达到22.79%，达到最大油份含量需播种密度为26万株·hm-2，种下施肥深度为8.5 cm，施肥量为354.857 8 kg·hm-2。研究结果可为促进高油高产大豆生产提供理论基础和技术支持。
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备注/Memo
农业生物育种国家科技重大专项（2023ZD04032）； 黑龙江省重点研发计划（2022ZX02B06）。