ZHANG Jian-xin,ZHU Qian-qian,WANG Wei-jun.Effect of Drip Irrigation Quantities on Roots Growth and Formation of Flowers and Pods in Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):609-613.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.05.0609]
不同滴水量对大豆根系生长和花荚形成的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Drip Irrigation Quantities on Roots Growth and Formation of Flowers and Pods in Soybean
- Keywords:
- Soybean; Drip irrigation; Super-high-yield; Root; Flower number; Water use efficiency
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- ?为揭示滴水量对大豆根系生长和花荚形成的影响规律，以中黄35为材料，研究了4种滴水量对0～100 cm土层含水量、0～60 cm土层根系干重密度和侧根长密度，花数、腔数、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：增加滴水量显著提高0～40 cm土层含水量下限，增加总耗水量，降低大豆对60～100 cm土层储水消耗；显著增加生育期间根系干重密度和侧根长密度，增幅随土层变深迅速减小，增加各生育时期根系伤流量；增加总花数、腔花比值、总腔数、总粒数和粒重，最终提高大豆产量和水分利用效率。适宜滴水处理实现节水高产在于花荚期建立了发达根系、增加总花数、提高腔花比。滴水量2602.5 m3·hm-2处理获得最高产量（6120 kg·hm-2），0～60 cm根干重和侧根长峰值依次为137.37 g·m-2、740 m·m-2；总花数3707 万朵·hm-2、腔花比0.85、总腔数3159.4 万个·hm-2、总粒数2868.0万个·hm-2、水分利用效率1.47 kg·m-3。伊宁地区春大豆适宜滴水量为2602.5 m3·hm-2左右。
- Abstract:
-
?Several soybean yield records are obtained in Xinjiang under irrigation in recent years. However, the response of soybean root growth and yield formation to drip irrigation are less documented. Soybean cv. Zhonghuang 35 was planted in Yining, and four total irrigation amount of 1 477.5, 1 852.5, 2 227.5 and 2 602.5 m3·ha-1 were applied. Increasing irrigation amount enhanced lower limit of water content in 0-40 cm soil layer and total water consumption, decreased storage water consumption in 60-100 cm soil layer, increased root dry weight density, lateral root length density and bleeding sap amount at each growth stage, promoted total flower, cavity and seed number, ratio of cavity to flower, as well as seed weight. Hence, increased yield and water use efficiency (WUE).The highyielding and watersaving effect of appropriate drip irrigation attributed to establishing welldeveloped roots and increasing total flower number and cavity to flower ratio from flowering to podding stage. Treatment of irrigation 2 602.5 m3·ha-1 obtained highest yield of
6120 kg·ha-1, and the peak of root dry weight and lateral root length was 137.37 g·m-2 and 740 m·m-2; total flower, cavity and seed number were 3 .707, 3.159and 2.868×107·ha-1, respectively; cavity to flower ratio was 0.85 and WUE was 1.47 kg·m-3. The suitable quantities of drip irrigation for spring soybean was about 2 602.5 m3·ha-1 in Yining region.
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备注/Memo
?国家自然科学基金（31160266，31060179）