GUO Xin,SONG Qiu-lai,ZENG Xiang-liang,et al.Effects of Planting Soybean on the Balances of Soil Phosphorus and Potassium[J].Soybean Science,2012,31(06):907-910.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.06.010]
种植大豆对土壤磷、钾平衡的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Planting Soybean on the Balances of Soil Phosphorus and Potassium
- 文章编号:
- 1000-9841（2012）06-0907-04
- Keywords:
- Soybean; Soil phosphorus; Soil potassium; Profit and loss; Straw returning
- 分类号:
- S565.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以5个春大豆品种为材料，采用框栽方法对大豆秸秆还田与不还田时土壤磷、钾的盈亏量进行估算，研究了种植大豆对土壤磷、钾平衡的影响。结果表明：大豆成熟期有57.2%~70.1%的磷素、60.7%~74.7%的钾素转移到籽粒中，磷、钾的收获率较高。在大豆施磷酸氢二铵75~150 kg·hm-2和硫酸钾40~120 kg·hm-2水平下，土壤磷均有盈余，而土壤钾在施钾量低时亏损，高时盈余。大豆秸秆还田时，磷、钾的盈亏量分别为7.1~22.1 kg·hm-2、-7.6~25.6 kg·hm-2；秸秆不还田时分别为6.0~21.0 kg·hm-2、-14.3~18.9 kg·hm-2。大豆秸秆还田时，维持土壤磷、钾平衡的临界磷、钾肥用量为P2O5 18.4 kg·hm-2、K2O 29.2 kg·hm-2；秸秆不还田时，磷、钾肥的临界用量为P2O5 20.9 kg·hm-2、K2O 37.3 kg·hm-2。可见，优化肥料施用量和秸秆还田是保障土壤磷、钾素平衡的重要措施。
- Abstract:
- Five soybean cultivars were used to estimate the effects of planting soybean on profits and losses of soil phosphorus and potassium with or without straw returning by pot culture.Results showed 57.2%-70.1% of total phosphorus and 60.7%-74.7% of total potassium absorbed by plants were transported to seeds at mature stage.Under the fertilizer application level of diammonium phosphate 75-150 kg·ha-1 and potassium sulfate 40-120 kg·ha-1，the phosphorus of soil was profit at all levels of P-fertilizer,and the potassium of soil was loss at low level of K-fertilizer and was profit at high level.The average profits and losses of soil phosphorus and potassium were 7.1-22.1 kg·ha-1 and -7.6-25.6 kg·ha-1 with straw returning,and were 6.0-21.0 kg·ha-1 and -14.3-18.9 kg·ha-1 without straw returning,respectively.To balance the profits and losses of soil phosphorus and potassium,the critical amounts of phosphate and potash fertilizers were as follows:P2O5 and K2O were 18.4 kg·ha-1 and 29.2 kg·ha-1 for straw returning,and 20.9 kg·ha-1 and 37.3 kg·ha-1for no straw returning treatments,respectively.Optimizing the quantity of fertilizer and returning the soybean straw would reach the basic balances and reduce the losses of soil phosphorus and potassium in soybean field.
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备注/Memo
基金项目：国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD89B05，2012BAD14B06)。