连续秸秆还田对大豆产量、磷素吸收特征及土壤磷组分的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Continuous Straw Returning on Soybean Yield, Phosphorus Absorption Characteristics and Soil Phosphorus Fractions
- 摘要:
- 为探究连续秸秆还田后，在不同土壤肥力条件下，大豆对施磷水平的反应及黑土供磷潜力，在2016—2022年连续7年进行秸秆还田试验点，于2022和2023年选用黑河43为试验材料，设置秸秆还田和秸秆离田2个处理，在连续秸秆还田条件下于2种不同土壤肥力处理水平上进行不同磷肥用量试验。2022年分别设置0，50.2，71.8和86.1 kg·hm-2 P2O5 4个施磷水平（P0、P1、P2和P3），其中71.8 kg·hm-2 P2O5（P2）为当地推荐磷肥用量，2023年分别设置0，50.2和71.8 kg·hm-2 P2O5 3个施磷水平（P0、P1和P2），研究秸秆还田对大豆产量和土壤磷组分的影响，连续秸秆还田条件下施磷水平对大豆产量、干物质积累量、磷素积累与分配的影响。结果表明：秸秆还田与秸秆离田相比，大豆产量显著提高，增产幅度达到17.59%~22.55%；秸秆还田后土壤全磷、H2O-P、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po和残余-P的含量显著提高，提高幅度分别为31.68%~43.12%、44.05%~78.82%、148.03%~223.66%、23.84%~37.92%、80.67%~97.32%和67.44%~76.04%，NaHCO3-Po和HCl-P含量显著降低，降低幅度分别达到15.58%~28.63%和22.65%~39.57%，其中土壤中等活性磷的比例增加了3.37%~4.95%，稳定态磷的比例降低了4.42%~5.04%。两年两试验区试验结果表明，大豆产量随施磷水平的提高呈先增加后降低的趋势，P3处理较P2处理大豆籽粒产量显著降低了8.89%~15.75%。不同施磷水平在大豆不同生育阶段的影响表现为大豆生长前期干物质积累量和磷素积累量随着施磷水平的增加而增加，过高的施磷水平对大豆生长后期干物质积累量和磷素积累量有降低的趋势，同时也不利于磷素向籽粒中的转移分配，P3处理磷素在籽粒中的分配比例为54.45%~59.74%，显著低于P0、P1和P2处理。综上所述，经过连续6~7年秸秆还田后，秸秆还田较秸秆离田显著提高了大豆产量，提高了土壤全磷含量，降低了土壤稳定态磷百分含量，从而提高了土壤磷素有效性，土壤供磷能力得到增强；在连续秸秆还田6~7年的基础上，高肥区施用磷肥对大豆产量无显著影响，磷肥较当地推荐磷肥用量降低30%不会降低低肥区大豆产量，并且过高的磷素供应水平无益于大豆产量的增加，并存在减产趋势。
相似文献/References:
[1]刘章雄,李卫东,孙石,等.1983～2010年北京大豆育成品种的亲本地理来源及其遗传贡献[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):1.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.002]
LIU Zhang-xiong,LI Wei-dong,SUN Shi,et al.Geographical Sources of Germplasm and Their Nuclear Contribution to Soybean Cultivars Released during 1983 to 2010 in Beijing[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):1.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.002]
[2]李彩云,余永亮,杨红旗,等.大豆脂质转运蛋白基因GmLTP3的特征分析[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):8.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.003]
LI Cai-yun,YU Yong-liang,YANG Hong-qi,et al.Characteristics of a Lipid-transfer Protein Gene GmLTP3 in Glycine max[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):8.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.003]
[3]王明霞,崔晓霞,薛晨晨,等.大豆耐盐基因GmHAL3a的克隆及RNAi载体的构建[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):12.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.004]
WANG Ming-xia,CUI Xiao-xia,XUE Chen-chen,et al.Cloning of Halotolerance 3 Gene and Construction of Its RNAi Vector in Soybean (Glycine max)[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):12.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.004]
[4]张春宝,李玉秋,彭宝,等.线粒体ISSR与SCAR标记鉴定大豆细胞质雄性不育系与保持系[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):19.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.005]
ZHANG Chun-bao,LI Yu-qiu,PENG Bao,et al.Identification of Soybean Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Maintainer Line with Mitochondrial ISSR and SCAR Markers[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):19.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.005]
[5]卢清瑶,赵琳,李冬梅,等.RAV基因对拟南芥和大豆不定芽再生的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):23.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.006]
LU Qing-yao,ZHAO Lin,LI Dong-mei,et al.Effects of RAV gene on Shoot Regeneration of Arabidopsis and Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):23.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.006]
[6]杜景红,刘丽君.大豆fad3c基因沉默载体的构建[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):28.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.007]
DU Jing-hong,LIU Li-jun.Construction of fad3c Gene Silencing Vector in Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):28.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.007]
[7]张力伟,樊颖伦,牛腾飞,等.大豆“冀黄13”突变体筛选及突变体库的建立[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):33.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.008]
ZHANG Li-wei,FAN Ying-lun,NIU Teng-fei?,et al.Screening of Mutants and Construction of Mutant Population for Soybean Cultivar "Jihuang13”[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):33.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.008]
[8]盖江南,张彬彬,吴瑶,等.大豆不定胚悬浮培养基因型筛选及基因枪遗传转化的研究[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):38.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.009]
GAI Jiang-nan,ZHANG Bin-bin,WU Yao,et al.Screening of Soybean Genotypes Suitable for Suspension Culture with Adventitious Embryos and Genetic Transformation by Particle Bombardment[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):38.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.009]
[9]王鹏飞,刘丽君,唐晓飞,等.适于体细胞胚发生的大豆基因型筛选[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):43.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.010]
WANG Peng-fei,LIU Li-jun,TANG Xiao-fei,et al.Screening of Soybean Genotypes Suitable for Somatic Embryogenesis[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):43.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.010]
[10]刘德兴,年海,杨存义,等.耐酸铝大豆品种资源的筛选与鉴定[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):46.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.011]
LIU De-xing,NIAN Hai,YANG Cun-yi,et al.Screening and Identifying Soybean Germplasm Tolerant to Acid Aluminum[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(01):46.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.011]
[11]郭 昕,宋秋来,曾祥亮,等.种植大豆对土壤磷、钾平衡的影响[J].大豆科学,2012,31(06):907.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.06.010]
GUO Xin,SONG Qiu-lai,ZENG Xiang-liang,et al.Effects of Planting Soybean on the Balances of Soil Phosphorus and Potassium[J].Soybean Science,2012,31(01):907.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.06.010]
[12]匡恩俊.不同还田方式下大豆秸秆腐解特征研究[J].大豆科学,2010,29(03):479.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2010.03.0479]
KUANG En-jun.Decomposition Characteristics of Soybean stalk under Different Stalk Returning Method[J].Soybean Science,2010,29(01):479.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2010.03.0479]
[13]张铭,王岩,赵天宏,等.臭氧浓度升高条件下秸秆还田对大豆光合荧光特性及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2019,38(05):754.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2019.05.0754]
ZHANG Ming,WANG Yan,ZHAO Tian-hong,et al.Effects of Straw Returning on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics and Yield of Soybean Under Elevated Ozone Concentration[J].Soybean Science,2019,38(01):754.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2019.05.0754]