[1]汤复跃,陈文杰,韦清源,等.不同行比配置和玉米株型对玉米大豆间种产量及效益影响[J].大豆科学,2019,38(05):726-732.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2019.05.0726]
　TANG Fu-yue,CHEN Wen-jie,WEI Qing-yuan,et al.Effects of Row Ratio and Maize Plant Type on Yield and Benefit of Maize Soybean Intercropping[J].Soybean Science,2019,38(05):726-732.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2019.05.0726]
点击复制

不同行比配置和玉米株型对玉米大豆间种产量及效益影响

《大豆科学》[ISSN:1000-9841/CN:23-1227/S] 卷: 第38卷 期数: 2019年05期 页码: 726-732 栏目: 出版日期: 2019-09-20
Title:
Effects of Row Ratio and Maize Plant Type on Yield and Benefit of Maize Soybean Intercropping
作者:
（广西农业科学院 经济作物研究所/国家大豆产业技术体系南宁综合试验站，广西 南宁 530007）
Author(s):
TANG Fu-yue; CHEN Wen-jie; WEI Qing-yuan; GOU Xiao-hong; LIANG Jiang; CHEN Yuan
(Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agriculturl Sciences/Nanning Comprehensive Station of Nation Soybean Industry Technology,Nangning 530007, China)
关键词:
玉米大豆间种; 行比; 株型; 产量; 效益
Keywords:
Maize soybean intercropping; Row ratio; Plant types; Yield;  Benefit
DOI:
10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2019.05.0726
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为了给 “春玉米‖春大豆/夏大豆”持续高产的生产目标提供理论和技术依据，采用不同玉米株型和不同玉米、大豆行比配置双因素随机区组设计，以大豆单作（SS）和玉米单作（MM）为对照，通过土地当量比（LER）、间作当量（IE）、群体产量等不同量化指标对不同行比配置和玉米株型对玉米大豆间种产量及效益进行评定。结果表明：“玉米‖大豆”不同行比及玉米株型配置处理，均表现为玉米竞争力强于大豆，群体玉米和大豆产量都显著低于单作，群体总产量显著高于单作。群体总LER、产量间作当量和产值间作当量（IE）值分别为1.32～1.43、1.90～2.18和1.27～1.36，即单作需增加32%～43%土地面积才能达到与间作同等的籽粒产量，同时单位面积产量、产值分别较单作提高了1.90～2.18倍和1.27～1.36倍；行比配置相同时，A2较A1，玉米和大豆株高均增加，大豆主茎节数变长，单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重和单产降低。玉米株型相同时，大豆底荚高度、主茎节数和分枝数表现为B3＞B2＞B1，产量表现为B1＞B2＞B3，即春大豆与半紧凑型玉米采用宽窄行种植更有利于大豆的生长发育。A1B1处理群体总产量、总LER、IE值最大，能够解决广西“春玉米‖春大豆/夏大豆”套种时小型机械作业问题，且效益最好，可在广西省推广应用。
Abstract:
In order to provide theoretical and technical basis for achieving the goal of sustainable and high yield of “spring maize‖spring soybean/summer soybean”. Two-factor randomized block design was adopted in this research, A factor was different plant-type of two maize varieties, B factor was three different row ratios of maize and soybean, and monoculture soybean (SS) and maize (MM) were used as controls to evaluate maize soybean intercropping system of different row ratios and maize plant types through different quantitative indicators such as land equivalent ratio (LER), intercropping equivalent (IE) and population yield. The results showed that the competitiveness of maize was stronger than that of soybean in different row ratios and maize plant types. The yield of intercropping maize and soybean was significantly lower than that of monoculture, but the total yield of population was significantly higher than that of single cropping. Population LER, yield intercropping equivalent and yield-value intercropping equivalence (IE) were 1.32-1.43, 1.90-2.18 and 1.27-1.36, respectively, in other words, 32%-43% land area should be increased to achieve the same grain yield as intercropping. Yield per unit area and output value increased by 1.90-2.18 and 1.27-1.36 times respectively compared with monocropping. When row ratio was the same, compared with A1, the plant height of two crops and main stem node number of soybean were increased, the number of pods and grains per plant, 100-grain weight and yield were decreased.When maize plant type was the same, the pod height, main stem node number and branch of soybean was B3 > B2 > B1, and yield was B1 > B2 > B3, so spring soybean and semi-compact maize planting with wide and narrow rows was more benefit for soybean production and development. A1B1 treatment had the highest population yield, LER and IE, and solved the problem of summer soybean interplanting with small machinery operation of “spring maize‖spring soybean/summer soybean” system in Guangxi, the social effect, ecological and economic benefits were the best, and this cropping pattern could be popularized in Guangxi.:

参考文献/References:

［1］刘广才,李隆,黄高宝,等. 大麦/玉米间作优势及地上部和地下部因素的相对贡献研究［J］. 中国农业科学,2005,38(9):1787-1795.(Liu G C,Li L,Huang G B,et al. Intercropping advantage and contribution of above-ground and below-ground interactions in the barley-maize intercropping［J］. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(9):1787-1795.)
［2］刘广才,杨祁峰,李隆,等. 小麦/玉米间作优势及地上部与地下部因素的相对贡献［J］.植物生态学报,2008，32(2):477-484.(Liu G C,Yang Q F,Li L,et al. Intercropping advantage and contribution of above-ground and below-ground interactions in wheat-maize intercropping［J］. Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(2):477-484.)
［3］陈文杰,梁江,汤复跃,等. 适合与甘蔗间套种春大豆品种筛选初报［J］.南方农业学报,2012,43(3):311-314.(Chen W J,Liang J,Tang F Y,et al. Preliminary report on screening of spring soybean varieties suitable for different intercropping modes with sugarcane［J］.Journal of Southern Agriculture,2002,43(3):311-314.)
［4］陈文杰,梁江,曾维英,等. 适合与甘蔗间套种的春大豆品种的引进与筛选［J］. 安徽农业科学,2014,28(4):2887-2889.(Chen W J,Liang J,Zeng W Y,et al. Introducing and screening of spring soybean varieties suitable for different intercropping modes with sugarcane［J］.Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,2014,28(4):2887-2889.)
［5］汤复跃,陈渊,梁江,等. 大豆、木薯播期对间作大豆产量和主要农艺性状的影响［J］.大豆科学,2012,31(3):395-398.(Tang F Y,Chen Y,Liang J,et al. Effect of sowing dates on soybean yield and main agronomic characters under soybean intercropping with cassava［J］.Soybean Science,2012,31(3):395-398.)
［6］汤复跃,陈渊,韦清源,等. 适宜与广西玉米套种的夏大豆品种筛选试验［J］. 南方农业学报,2011,42(11):1340-1343.(Tang F Y,Chen Y,Wei Q Y,et al. Report on screening summer soybean varieties suitable for intercropping with spring maize in Guangxi［J］.Journal of Southern Agriculture,2011,42(11):1340-1343.)
［7］汤复跃,陈渊,韦清源,等.玉米套种夏大豆不同模式对大豆产量的影响［J］.南方农业学报,2012,43(7):932-935.(Tang F Y,Chen Y,Wei Q Y,et al. Effect of different intercropping models for spring maize and summer soybean on soybean production［J］.Journal of Southern Agriculture,2012,43(7):932-935.)
［8］崔亮,杨文钰,黄妮,等. 玉米—大豆带状套作下玉米株型对大豆干物质积累和产量形成的影响［J］. 应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2414-2420.(Cui L,Yang W Y,Huang N, et al. Effects of maize plant types on dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield of soybean in maize soybean intercropping systems［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(8):2414-2420.)
［9］杨峰,崔亮,黄山,等. 不同株型玉米套作大豆生长环境动态及群体产量研究［J］. 大豆科学,2015,34(3):402-407.(Yang F,Cui L,Huang S,et al. Soybean growth environment and group yield in soybean relay intercropped with different leaf type maize［J］.Soybean Science,2015,34(3):402-407.)
［10］蒲甜,张群,陈国鹏,等. 行距对玉米—大豆套作体系中玉米产量及干物质积累与分配的影响［J］. 浙江农业学报,2016,28(8):1277-1286.(Pu T,Zhang Q,Chen G P,et al. Effects of row spacing on yield, dry matter accumulation and partitioning of maize in maize soybean relay strip intercropping system［J］.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(8):1277-1286.)
［11］朱星陶,谭春燕,陈佳琴,等. 玉米—大豆间作行距对大豆生长及品质的影响［J］.贵州农业科学,2016,44(6):22-25.(Zhu X T,Tan C Y,Chen J Q,et al. Effects of intercropping row spacing between maize and soybean on growth and quality of soybean［J］.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(6):22-25.)
［12］杨春杰,陈佳琴,谭春燕,等. 不同行比间作玉米对黔豆７号鼓粒期产量性状的影响［J］.贵州农业科学,2015,43(12):39-41.(Yang C J,Chen J Q,Tan C Y, et al. Effects of intercropping row spacing between maize and soybean on growth and quality of soybean［J］.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(12):39-41.)
［13］代希茜,詹和明,赵银月,等.玉/豆间作模式下幅宽和玉米密度配置优化研究［J］.西南农业学报,2018,31(1):39-43.(Dai X X, Zhan H M, Zhao Y Y ,et al. Research of optimization for planting width and density in maize/soybean intercropping model［J］.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2018,31(1):39-43.)
［14］包斐,韩海亮,谭禾平,等. 鲜食玉米、鲜食大豆在不同间作模式下的产量表现［J］. 浙江农业科学,2016,57(2):189-190.(Bao F,Han H L,Tan H P,et al. Yield performance of fresh-eating maize and fresh-eating soybean under different intercropping modes［J］.Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2016,57(2):189-190.)
［15］程玉柱,李龙,周琴,等. 玉米/大豆不同配置下的玉米生长和产量形成研究［J］.南京农业大学学报,2016,39(1):34-39.(Chen Y Z, Li L, Zhou Q, et al. Growth and yield formation of maize under different maize/soybean intercropping patterns［J］.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2016,39(1):34-39.)
［16］朱元刚,高凤菊. 不同间作模式对鲁西北地区玉米－大豆群体光合物质生产特征的影响［J］.核农学报,2016,30(8):1646-1655.(Zhu Y G, Gao F J. Effects of different maize and soybean intercropping patterns on population characteristics of photosynthetic and matter production in northwest Shandong region［J］.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2016,30(8):1646-1655.)
［17］Willey R W. Intercropping—Its impotance and research needs. Part1:Compentition and yield advantages［J］.Field Crop Abstract,1979,32(1):1-10.
［18］雍太文,杨文钰,向达兵,等. 小麦/玉米/大豆套作的产量、氮营养表现及其种间竞争力的评定［J］.草业学报,2012,21(1):50-58.(Yong T W, Yang W Y, Xiang D B,et al. Production and N nutrient performance of wheat-maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system and evaluation of interspecies competition［J］. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(1):50-58.)
［19］陈文杰,梁江,汤复跃,等. 广西春大豆与玉米不同间作模式效益分析［J］.南方农业学报,2017,48(4):633-639.(Chen W J, Liang J, Tang F Y, et al. Benefit analysis for different spring soybean maize intercropping patterns in Guangxi［J］.Journal of Southern Agriculture,2017,48(4):633-639.)
［20］邹俊林,刘卫国,袁晋,等.边际效应对带状套作大豆表型和产量的影响［J］.中国油料作物学报,2015,37(5):661-666.(Zou J L, Liu W G, Yuan J, et al. Marginal effect on phenotypic plasticity of strip cropping soybean［J］. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2015,37(5):661-666.)
［21］任媛媛,王志梁,王小林,等. 黄土塬区玉米大豆不同间作方式(比例)对产量和经济收益的影响及其机制［J］. 生态学报,2015,35(12):4168-4177.(Ren Y Y, Wang Z L, Wang X L, et al. The effect and mechanism of intercropping pattern on yield and economic benefit on the Loess Plateau［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(12):4168-4177.)

相似文献/References:

[1]朱星陶,陈佳琴,谭春燕,等.玉米与大豆“1∶2”间作种植的株行距优化配置研究[J].大豆科学,2014,33(01):35.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2014.01.0035]
　ZHU Xing tao,CHEN Jia qin,TAN Chun yan,et al.Optimization on Plant Row and Spacing Configuration of Maize and Soybean under 1：2 Intercropping Planting Model[J].Soybean Science,2014,33(05):35.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2014.01.0035]

备注/Memo

收稿日期：2019-01-04

基金项目：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-04-CES30）；广西重点研发计划(桂科AB16380097，桂科AB18221057);广西农业科学院创新团队项目(2015YT19)。
第一作者简介：汤复跃(1984-），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事大豆育种和栽培研究。E-mail：tfy0130@163.com。
通讯作者：陈渊(1971-），男，学士，研究员，主要从事大豆育种和栽培研究。E-mail：chenyuan500@126.com。

更新日期/Last Update: 2019-09-20