不同施肥处理对黑河43农艺性状、产量及品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Agronomic Traits,Yield,and Quality of Heihe 43
- 摘要:
- 为促进黑龙江省北部大豆产业提质增效，本研究以目前国内种植面积最大的大豆品种黑河43为研究对象，设置8组不同施肥处理：常规施肥区，尿素2 kg·666.67 m-2、磷酸二铵8 kg·666.67 m-2、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m-2；磷处理1区，磷酸二铵8 kg·666.67 m-2、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m-2；磷处理2区，磷酸二铵10 kg·666.67 m-2、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m-2；磷处理3区，磷酸二铵12 kg·666.67 m-2、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m-2；无钾区，尿素2 kg·666.67 m-2、磷酸二铵8 kg·666.67 m-2；无磷区，尿素5.13 kg·666.67 m-2、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m-2；无氮区，磷酸钙8 kg·666.67 m-2、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m-2；空白区。研究轮作条件下氮、磷、钾对黑河43农艺性状、品质及产量的影响。结果表明：不同肥料处理对黑河43农艺性状影响存在一定差异，其中氮肥施用与株高、底荚高显著正相关，其他性状差异均不显著；肥料处理对黑河43籽粒大小及品质的影响差异显著，其中空白CK与缺氮PK处理区百粒重、蛋白质含量均显著低于其它处理，缺氮PK处理区脂肪含量均显著高于其他处理；在合理范围内增施氮肥、磷肥可显著提高黑河43的产量，补充钾肥可显著提高黑河43抗病性进而提高产量，其中N3P3K处理区2年产量均显著高于其他处理区。缺素处理区2年产量结果一致，效应依次：NK＞NP＞PK；通过相关性聚类热图分析，将黑河43综合农艺性状分成2大类，第Ⅰ类为蛋白与产量构成因子：包含产量、单株粒重、单株粒数、单株荚数、节数、感病率、蛋白、底荚高、百粒重、株高，相邻性状两两相关性最高，第Ⅱ类为脂肪与密度，脂肪含量与密度显著正相关。将不同肥料处理分成2大类，第I类是缺N区，包含空白CK处理区和PK缺氮区，第Ⅱ类是含氮肥区，进一步说明氮肥是黑河43生物量形成的基础，平衡施肥对黑河43产量及品质具有重要促进作用。
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