186份东北主栽品种大豆疫霉抗性鉴定
- Title:
- Identification of Phytophthora soja Resistance in 186 Major Varieties Cultivated in Northeastern China
- 摘要:
- 大豆疫霉根腐病是一种毁灭性病害，严重威胁大豆生产，在大豆主产区东北地区尤为突出。大豆抗病基因Rps对疫霉根腐病具有抗性，但病原菌的快速进化可产生新致病小种，从而突破其抗病防御。因此，亟需挖掘新的抗病种质与基因资源，以应对疫霉菌的持续演化威胁。为丰富东北大豆疫霉根腐病抗性种质资源，对186份东北地区大豆主栽品种进行抗病种质筛选。采用下胚轴接种法进行抗病鉴定：选取生长5 d大豆幼苗，在子叶下方约1 cm处划伤，将大豆疫霉菌R17菌丝面紧贴伤口，覆盖透明塑料盖保湿培养2 d，接种后第6天调查表型。结果显示，在186份东北地区主栽品种中，高抗品种31份（占16.7%），抗病品种48份（25.8%），中间类型42份（22.6%），感病品种65份（34.9%），不同抗性类型品种的频率呈U型分布。进一步分析品种地理分布发现，145份（78%）品种分布于黑龙江省六大积温带。其中，20份高抗品种集中分布在第二和第三积温带，表明该区域蕴藏着丰富的抗性基因资源，是开展抗病育种的重要种质库。本研究筛选出的31份高抗品种，可为大豆疫霉根腐病抗病基因挖掘、抗性机制解析及品种选育提供关键材料。
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