ZHANG Yong,FU Meng-meng,YANG Xing-yong,et al.Performance and Breeding Potential of the Northeast China Soybean Germplasm Population in Keshan Area[J].Soybean Science,2016,35(06):881-890.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2016.06.0881]
东北大豆种质群体在克山的表现及其潜在的育种意义
- Title:
- Performance and Breeding Potential of the Northeast China Soybean Germplasm Population in Keshan Area
- Keywords:
-
3.Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Mudanjiang Experiment Station of the National Center for Soybean Improvement; Mudanjiang 157041; ChinaNortheast spring-sowing soybean; Maturity group; Agronomic and seed quality traits; Genetic variation; Breeding potential
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 东北是我国大豆的主要生态区，克山是东北北部重要产区。本研究于2012-2014年，以搜集到的东北地区各单位现存的361份大豆地方品种和育成品种作为东北现存的本地种质，观察该群体在克山地区的表现，研究其在克山的潜在育种意义。获得以下主要结果: (1)东北大豆种质群体平均表现为全生育期133 d(103.8~157.0 d)、蛋白质含量39.69%(35.6%~44.38%)、油脂含量20.58%(17.47%~22.84%)、蛋脂总量60.27%(54.00%~63.97%)、百粒重17.61 g(6.13~28.17 g)、株高约96 cm(54.92~146.8 cm)、主茎19节(11.23~25.83)、分枝2.75个(0.22~7.63)、倒伏2级左右(1.00~4.00)；(2)当地适合熟期组为MG 0和MG I，各性状的平均值与群体平均相近，其它熟期组在当地的表现与之不同。MG 000和MG 00的生育天数集中在110~120 d，比当地无霜期早约10~20 d，不能充分利用当地的自然条件；而品质性状表现则略优于MG 0和MG I，特别是油脂含量和蛋脂总量分别高约1%、1.5%；株高、节数均低于MG 0和MG I，分别低约10~40 cm、2~8节。MG II的生育天数在当地高达150 d，不能稳定正常成熟，不适合当地种植；品质性状表现低于当地品种水平，特别是蛋白质、蛋脂总量均低约2%，油脂低约0.5%；而株高、节数高于当地品种，分别高约10 cm、2节，倒伏程度则高达3级。MG III在克山不能正常成熟，导致其它性状表达不正常，生长量和倒伏度增加；(3)根据各农艺品质性状在克山表现的遗传进度估计，虽然油脂和蛋白质含量相对小些，但均有一定的改良潜力。克山地区利用东北大豆资源育成了许多适于东北北部的优异品种，体现了东北种质的重要作用。根据当地品种的表现，从供试的东北资源中提出了各农艺、品质性状改良可用的亲本品种名单，供育种工作者参考。
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Northeast China is a major ecoregion for soybean production in China, while Keshan area is a major soybean production area in northern of Northeast China. The soybean germplasm population composed of 361 landraces and released cultivars collected in Northeast China was tested in Keshan in 2012-2014 for evaluation of its characterization and genetic potential in local breeding programs. The results obtained were as follows: 1) the average performances with ranges of agronomic and seed quality traits were characterized as that the days to maturity was 133 d(103.8-157.0 d), the protein content /oil content /total protein and oil /100-seed weight were 39.69%(35.6%-44.38%), 20.58%(17.47%-22.84%), 60.27%(54.00%-63.97%)and 17.61 g(6.13-28.17 g) , the plant height, nodes on main stem, number of branches and lodging score were 96 cm(54.92-146.8 cm), 19 nodes (11.23-25.83), 2.75(0.22-7.63) and 2.18(1.00-4.00), respectively- 2) The MG 0 and MG I were the best adapted maturity groups that could fully use the local frost-free period with the averages of all traits similar to the population averages. The other maturity groups performance differently in Keshan. The MG 000 and MG 00 matured at about 110-120 d, 10-20 d earlier than the local first frost; the seed quality traits were better than those of MG 0/MG I with oil content /protein–oil content about 1%/1.5% higher; while their plant height and nodes on main stem were about 10.40 cm and 2.8 nodes less than those of MG 0/MG I. The MG II toke about 150 d and could not mature constant-naturally before the first frost; their seed quality traits were not as good as MG 0/MG I with protein content /protein–oil content about 2% less and oil content 0.5% less than those of MG 0/MG I, the plant height and nodes on main stem were about 10 cm and 2 nodes more than those of MG 0/MG I; while the lodging score were one grade more (grade 3) than that of MG 0/MG I. The MG III did not mature naturally, causing abnormal development of the other traits with growth amount and lodging score increased- 3)There are certain breeding potential for all the agronomic and seed quality traits according to the estimates of genetic gains, even oil and protein contents, which was demonstrated by a number of superior cultivars been released based on the germplasm population. From the present data, a group of superior accessions were nominated as parental materials for the improvement of individual traits of the adapted-local cultivars in Keshan area.
参考文献/References:
［1］谷强平.中国大豆进口贸易影响因素及效应研究［D］. 沈阳：沈阳农业大学, 2015. (Gu Q P. A research on the influence factors and effect of China′s soybean import trade［D］.Shengyang:Shenyang Agricultural university, 2015)
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备注/Memo
基金项目：国家自然科学基金(31371651)；国家重点基础研究发展计划“973计划”（2011CB1093）；农业部公益性行业专项(201203026-4)；教育部111项目（B08025）；教育部长江学者和创新团队项目（PCSRT13073）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目（KYZ201202-8）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-04）；江苏省优势学科建设工程专项；江苏省JCIC-MCP项目。