LIU Shuang,ZHANG Xing-yi.Effect of Conservation Tillage on Soil Temperature, Water Content and Yield in Arable Black Soil[J].Soybean Science,2011,30(01):56-61.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2011.01.0056]
保护性耕作对黑土农田土壤水热及作物产量的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Conservation Tillage on Soil Temperature, Water Content and Yield in Arable Black Soil
- 文章编号:
- 1000-9841（2011）01-0056-06
- Keywords:
- Conservational tillage; Soil water content; Soil temperature; Yield
- 分类号:
- S565.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 保护性耕作措施是干旱区农田提高作物产量的有效耕作技术，为研究其在冷凉区域的适用性，于2004~2009年，以中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站黑土农田为研究对象，开展了免耕秸秆覆盖、少耕和传统旋耕3种耕作措施长期定位对比研究。结果表明：在大豆玉米轮作制度下，实施免耕秸秆覆盖和少耕的保护性耕作方式，连续3 a免耕大豆产量均表现为增产，平均增产10%，少耕大豆表现为2 a增产，平均增产3.7%，而2006年略减产4.6%，在2004和2008年保护性耕作措施下作物产量和传统耕作相比，都达到显著性差异水平（P<0.05）。免耕玉米明显减产，3 a平均减产28%，少耕玉米表现为2 a减产，平均减产7%，连续3 a免耕玉米产量与少耕和传统耕作相比差异显著（P<0.05）。此外，免耕可显著提高表层土壤含水量，且垄沟土壤含水量总体高于垄台。分析3 a播种期表层土壤温度，总体表现为免耕<少耕<传统耕作,平均免耕较少耕和传统耕作分别低约1.6℃和2.8℃，NT春季土壤的低温效应对玉米出苗及前期生长影响较大，对大豆影响不明显。
- Abstract:
- Conservation tillage is an effective technique for increasing crop yield in arid areas. The objective of this field experiment was to compare the effects of three different tillage systems (no tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage) on soil temperature, soil water content and crop yield in arable black soil region of Hailun County, Heilongjiang province from 2004 to 2009. The result showed that no-tillage with mulch (NT) and reduced tillage (RT) under soybean and corn rotation system, the soybean yield in NT and RT averagely increased by 10% and 3.7% in 2004 and 2008, respeltively；decreased by 4.6% in 2006, and increased by 3.7% during three years. The yields were significantly different between NT, RT and CT (P<0.05) in 2004 and 2008. Moreover, the corn grain yields reduced under NT and RT, separately. The yield under NT was significantly different (P<0.05) compared with other tillage systems. Furthermore, NT could increase soil water content in the topsoil of 0～15 cm and the soil water content in the furrow were higher than ridge. During the sowing period the soil surface temperature was increased in the order of NT
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备注/Memo
基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划 (2008AA10Z212) 资助项目；黑龙江省杰出青年基金(JC200718)资助项目。