有机肥通过改善红壤团聚体结构促进鲜食大豆高产
- Title:
- Organic Fertilizer Promoted High Yield of Fresh Soybean by Improving Aggregate Structure of Red Soil
- 摘要:
- 为探究化肥配施有机肥条件下土壤团聚体与鲜食大豆产量的量化关系，本研究于2022和2023年在典型红壤坡耕地上设置不施肥（CK）、化肥（CF）、化肥配施有机肥（COF）等处理的田间小区试验，分析了不同处理的鲜食大豆产量性质、土壤团聚体组分及平均重量直径。结果表明：在所有处理中，COF处理的荚果数显著增加，2022年分别比CK和CF处理增加了55.1%和36.5%，2023年的增幅分别为53.98%和40.54%。COF处理的鲜食大豆带荚和不带荚籽粒鲜重也分别比CF处理提高了41.70%~40.65%和40.03%~41.78%。在所有处理中，COF处理的团聚体组分中>2.00 mm和0.25~2.00 mm的比例显著较高，而<0.053 mm的比例则显著较低。与CF相比，2022和2023年COF处理下>2 mm的比例分别增加了101.95%和53.06%，但0.25~2 mm、0.053~0.25 mm和<0.053 mm的比例则与CF处理无显著差异。进一步计算发现，2022和2023年COF处理的团聚体平均重量直径也比CF处理增加了25.95%和18.80%。结合线性拟合方程表明，当>2 mm团聚体组分的比例增加1%，2022和2023年的带荚鲜重分别提高0.16和0.19 t·hm-2，不带荚鲜重分别提高0.54和0.67 t·hm-2；同时，团聚体平均重量直径增加0.1 mm，带荚和不带荚的鲜重分别提高1.79~1.99 t·hm-2和0.83~0.91 t·hm-2。因此，化肥配施有机肥是提升红壤坡耕地鲜食大豆产量的主要措施，且通过改善团聚体结构可以显著促进鲜食大豆增产。
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