[1]高中超,杜春影,王翠玲,等.心土层施磷对大豆生长性状及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2018,37(03):393-398.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2018.03.0393]
　GAO Zhong-chao,DU Chun-ying,WANG Cui-ling,et al.Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Applied to Subsoil on Growth and Yield of Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2018,37(03):393-398.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2018.03.0393]
点击复制

心土层施磷对大豆生长性状及产量的影响

《大豆科学》[ISSN:1000-9841/CN:23-1227/S] 卷: 第37卷 期数: 2018年03期 页码: 393-398 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-05-20
Title:
Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Applied to Subsoil on Growth and Yield of Soybean
作者:
高中超1; 杜春影2; 王翠玲3; 高文超3; 张丽丽3; 孙磊1; 刘峰3; 宋柏权4
(1.黑龙江省农业科学院 土壤肥料与资源环境研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150086； 2.黑龙江省大庆市萨尔图区农业局，黑龙江 大庆 163000； 3.黑龙江省农业科学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150086； 4.黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室/黑龙江省普通高等学校甜菜遗传育种重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080）
Author(s):
GAO Zhong-chao1; DU Chun-ying2; WANG Cui-ling3; GAO Wen-chao3; ZHANG Li-li3; SUN Lei1; LIU Feng3; SONG Bai-quan4
(1.Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150086 , China； 2.Saertu District Agricultural Bureau of Heilongjiang, Daqing 163000, China； 3.Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086, China; 4.Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Cold Region Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetic Breeding of the Normal University in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150080, China)
关键词:
心土层; 磷; 大豆; 干物质; 产量
Keywords:
Subsoil; Phosphate; Soybean; Dry matter; Yield
DOI:
10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2018.03.0393
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为探索黑钙土心土层磷的高效利用机制，通过盆栽模拟试验，对心土层土进行磷培肥，研究不同施磷量0 kg·hm-2
（T0）、30 kg·hm-2（T1）、60 kg·hm-2（T2）、120 kg·hm-2（T3）、240 kg·hm-2（T4）对大豆生育及产量的影响。结果表明：随着磷施入量的增加，对大豆生育期的各项指标影响呈现单峰曲线变化，但峰值出现的处理略有不同。(1)施磷30~240 kg·hm-2与不施磷（对照）相比能够促进大豆苗期的株高增长、干物质质量增加，即T1>T2>T3>T4>T0；SPAD值增大，其中T2>T3>T4>T1>T0，且T1、T2处理与T0之间差异显著，但施磷处理间差异不显著；（2）大豆结荚期株高、SPAD值曲线峰值从T1处理变为T2处理，但干物质质量的峰值不变，仍为T1处理，施磷处理间差异不显著；对根瘤的影响，随着施磷量的增加，根瘤数减少，而施磷量T1~T3的处理与T0或T4处理差异显著，但峰值T1与T2、T3处理间差异不显著；对根系指标的影响，峰值出现T2处理，其趋势同根瘤一致；对光合参数的影响，其中蒸腾速率、净光合速率的曲线峰值出现在T2处理，而胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度的曲线峰值为T1处理，峰值的处理与T0、T4处理差异显著；（3）大豆成熟期施磷处理对大豆产量构成因素均有所提高，表现为第1年T1、T2处理和第2年的T2、T3处理分别与T0处理相比差异显著，综合分析得出推荐施肥量为T2处理即磷施用量为60 kg·hm-2。研究表明，心土层土壤施用磷肥可提高大豆产量，但施磷过低或过高都不利于大豆产量增加，初步得出了较为合理的推荐施肥量，对指导黑钙土大豆科学施用磷肥具有重要的意义。
Abstract:
In order to explore the usage of phosphate fertilizer effectively in subsoil, phosphate fertilizing experiment was applied to subsoil. We studied the effect of different phosphate levels (0,30,60,120,240 kg·ha-1,marked T0,T1,T2,T3,T4）on growth and product of soybean by potted simulation.The results showed that various specifications presented a sigle-peak curve with increasing of phosphate fertilizer, however, treatments in the peak were different.(1) During the seedling stage, phosphate fertilizing(30-240 kg·ha-1) promoted the height of phants and increased the quality of dry matter, compared to non-phosphate fertilizing treatments,that was T1>T2>T3>T4>T0. The spad value increased,T2>T3>T4>T1>T0. The differences between T1,T2 and T3 were obvious, however, the differences of treatments under phosphate fertilizing were not obvious. (2)There were some differences between pod filling stage and seedling stage. The peak value of plant height and spad changed from T1 to T2,the peak value of the quality in dry matter was still treatment T1 and the differences of treatments under phosphate fertilizing were not obvious. Effect on root nodule showed that the number of root nodules was decreasing with increasing of phosphate fertilizer. The difference between T1-T3 and T0/T4 were obvious. The difference of peak value between T1 and T2,T3 were not obvious. The peak value of root specifications appeared in treatment T2，the tendency was the same as root nodule. The peak value of transpiration rate and net photosynthesis rate appeared in treatment T2，the difference of the peak value(T1) in intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and the peak value(T0,T4) were obvious. （3）During the maturity stage, various specifications of soybean product were better under phosphate fertilizer. T1,T2 in the first year and the T2,T3 in the second year were quite different from T0. It was better to apply phosphate fertilizer 60 kg·ha-1(T2) to the soil. The application of phosphate fertilizer to subsoil could increase soybean yield. However, less or more phosphate fertilizer was not good to promote the yield of soybean.

参考文献/References:

［1］赵静,付家兵,廖红,等.大豆磷效率应用核心种质的根构型性状评价［J］.科学通报,2004,49(13): 1249-1257.(Zhao J, Fu J B, Liao H, et al. Properties evaluation of phosphorus efficiency on roots structure of soybean［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin, 2004,49(13):1249-1257.)
［2］Chassot A, Richner W. Root characteristics and phosphorusuptake of maize seedlings in a Bilayered soil［J］. Agronomy Journal,2002,94:118-127.
［3］Costa C,Dwyer L M,Hamilton R I, et al. A sampling method formeasurement of large root systems with scanner-based image analysis ［J］.Agronomy Journal, 2000,92: 621-627.?
［4］廖红,戈振扬,严小龙.水磷耦合胁迫下植物磷吸收的理想根构型模拟与应用［J］.科学通报, 2001,46(8):641-646.（Liao H, Ge Z Y, Yan X L. Optimized root architecture for phosphorus acquisition under water and phosphorus stress: Simulation and application［J］. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2001, 46: 641-646.)
［5］辛景树,徐明岗,田有国,等．耕地质量演变趋势研究—国家级耕地土壤监测数据整编［M］.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2008.（Xin J S, Xu M G, Tian Y G, et al. The quality of cultivated land evolution trend research—National soil monitoring data［M］.Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2008.）
［6］徐明刚,张文菊,黄绍敏,等.中国土壤肥力演变［M］.2版.北京:中国农业科学出版社，2015.(Xu M G ,Zhang W J,Huang S M, et al. Soil fertility evolution［M］. 2nd. Beijing: China′s Agricultural Science Press, 2015.)
［7］苏德纯.从土壤磷的空间分布特征探讨提高磷肥及土壤磷有效性的新途径［J］.中国农学通报,1995,11(1):38-40.(Su D C. From the spatial distribution characteristics of soil phosphorus to explore new ways of improving the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer and soil phosphorus［J］.Chinese Agrieultural Science Bulletin,1995,11(1):38-40.)
［8］王美丽,严小龙.大豆根形态和根分泌物特性与磷效率［J］.华南农业大学报,2001,22 (3):1-4.(Wang M L, Yan X L. Characteristics on root morphology and root exudation of soybean in relation to phosphorus eficiency［J］. Jounal of South China Agricuture University, 2001,22(3):1-4.)
［9］Marschner P,Solaiman Z,Rengel Z. Brassica genotypes differ in growth,phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere properties under P-limiting conditions［J］.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39 (1):87-98．
［10］任立飞,张文浩,李衍素,等.低磷胁迫对黄花苜蓿生理特性的影响［J］.草业学报,2012,21(3):242-249.(Ren L F, Zhang W H, Li Y S,et al. Effct of phosphorus deficiency on physiological properties of Medicago falcata［J］.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(3):242-249.)
［11］Randall G W, Evans S D, Iragavarapu T K. Long-term P and Kappli-cations II. Effect on corn and soybean yields and plant P and K concentrations［J］. Journal of Production Agriculture,1997,10(4):572-580.
［12］Aulakh M S, Pasricha N S, Bahl G S. Phosphorus fertilizer responsein an irrigated soybean-wheat production systemon a subtropical, semi-arid soil［J］. Field Crops Research,2003,80(2):99-109.
［13］Bly A, Woodard H J. Soybean growth and yield response to residualfertilizer phosphorus bands［J］. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1997,20(11):1527-1538.
［14］孟凯,张兴义.松嫩平原黑土退化的机理及其生态复原［J］.土壤通报,1998(3):100-102. (Meng K，Zhang X Y. The mechanism and ecological restoration of degraded soil in Songnen Plain［J］.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1998(3):100-102.)
［15］王其存,齐晓宁,王洋,等.黑土的水土流失及其治理保育［J］.地理科学,2013(3):361-365. (Wang Q C，Qi X N，Wang Y，〖JP〗et al. Soil erosion and conservation in black soil［J］.Scientia Geographica Sinica，2013(3):361-365.)
［16］赵德林,刘丰,洪福玉,等.白浆土土体构型改造的研究［J］.中国农业科学,1989,22(5):47-55.(Zhao D L，Liu F,Hong F Y,et al. Studies on transforming constitution of plansol solum［J］.Scientia Agricultura Sinica，1989,22(5):47-55.)
［17］匡恩俊,刘峰,贾会彬,等.心土培肥改良白浆土的研究I 白浆土心土培肥的效果［J］.土壤通报,2008，39(5):1106-1109.(Kuang E J,Liu F,Jia H B,et al. Study on subsoil amendment of Baijiang soil［J］.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39 (5):1106-1109.)
［18］鲍士旦.土壤农化分析［M］.北京:中国农业出版社,2008:22-24.(Bao S D. Soil and agro-chemistry analysis［M］. Beijing: China Agriculture Press,2008: 22-24.)
［19］吴明才,肖昌珍,郑普英.大豆磷素营养研究［J］.中国农业科学,1999,32(3):59-65.(Wu M C，Xiao C Z,Zheng P Y.Study on the physiological function of phosphorus to soybean［J］.China′s Agricultural Science,1999,32(3):59-65.)
［20］Myo W, Sutkhet N,Ed S．Effects of phosphorus on seed oil andprotein contents and phosphorus use efficiency in some soybeanvarieties［J］.Kasetsart J.(Nature Science),2010,44:1-9.
［21］Tsvetkova G E，Georgiev G I． Effect of phosphorus nutrition on thenodulation， nitrogen fixation and nutrient use efficiency of Bradyrhizobium japonicum-soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Symbiosis［J］.Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology,2003,331-335.
［22］李晓林,陈新平,崔俊霞,等．不同水分条件下表层施磷对小麦吸收下层土壤养分的影响［J］.植物营养与肥料学报,1995,1(2):40-45.(Li X L,Chen X P,Cui J X,et al.Uptake of nutrientsfrom subsoil by wheat as affected P supply under different soilmoistures［J］.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizing Science,1995,1(2):40-45.)
［23］周建斌,李昌纬,赵伯善,等．长期施肥对底土养分含量的影响［J］.土壤通报,1993,24(1):212-231．(Zhou J B，Li C W，Zhao B S，et al． Influence of long-term fertilization on subsoil nutrientcontent［J］.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1993,24 (1):212-231.)
［24］张喜成,韩润娥,袁小良．局部施磷对小麦根系生长和分布的影响［J］.土壤肥料,1993 (5):38-40．(Zhang X C，Han R E,Yuan X L.Influence of wheat root growth and distribution with Local phosphorus［J］.Soil and Fertilizer,1993(5):38-40.)
［25］石岩,位东斌,于振文,等.施肥深度对旱地小麦花后根系衰老的影响［J］.应用生态学报,2001,12(4):573-575．(Shi Y，Wei D B，Yu Z W，et al．Influence of fertilization depth on root system senescence of upland wheat after anthesis［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(4):573-575.)
［26］张永清,李华,苗果园.施肥深度对春小麦根系分布及后期衰老的影响［J］.土壤,2006,38(1):110-112．( Zhang Y Q,Li H,Miao G Y.Effect of fertilization depth on distribution and late senescence of root system of spring wheat［J］.Soil,2006,38 (1):110-112．)
［27］蔡柏岩,葛菁萍,祖伟.磷素水平对不同大豆品种产量和品质的影响［J］.植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):65-70.(Cai B Y,Ge J P,Zu W.Yield and quality of different soybean varieties as affected by different phosphorus supplies［J］.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,14(1):65-70.)
［28］张大勇,宁海龙,杨庆凯.东北地区几个大豆品种的蛋白质,脂肪含量的差异［J］.中国油料作物学报,2003,25(1):18-20. (Zhang D Y,Ning H L,Yang Q K.Difference of oil and protein contents of several soybean varieties to the ecological condition in northeast of China ［J］. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences2003,25(1):18-20.)
［29］郭庆元,李志玉,涂学文.大豆高产优质施肥研究与应用［J］.中国农学通报,2003,19(3):89-104.(Guo Q Y,Li Z Y,Tu X W.Studing and application of fertilization techniques for high-yield and good quality in soybean［J］.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2003,19(3):89-104.)
［30］王维军.大豆的磷素营养与施肥［J］.中国农业科学,1963(11):41-44.(Wang W J.Phosphorus nutrition and fertilization of soybean［J］.China′s Agricultural Science,1963(11):41-44.)
［31］熊俊芬,石孝均,毛知耘.定位施磷对土壤无机磷形态土层分布的影响［J］.西南农业大学学报,2000(2):123-125.( Xiong J F，Shi X J，Mao Z Y．Effects of six-year phosphorus fertilization on the distribution of inorganic P forms in surface soil and subsoil［J］.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2000 (2):123-125.)

相似文献/References:

[1]谢甫绨,孙海姝,张惠君,等.磷素对不同品质类型大豆光合生理的影响[J].大豆科学,2012,31(02):232.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.02.014]
　XIE Fu-ti,SUN Hai-shu,ZHANG Hui-jun,et al.Effect of P2O5 on Photosynthetic Physiology of Soybean Cultivars with Different Quality Types[J].Soybean Science,2012,31(03):232.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2012.02.014]
[2]刘婧琦,谢甫绨,敖雪,等.磷对不同磷效率大豆品种光合生理和农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(02):217.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.02.0217]
　LIU Jing-qi,XIE Fu-ti,AO Xue,et al.Effect of Different Phosphorus Level on Photosynthetic Rate and Agronomic Traits Between Soybean Cultivars With Different Phosphorus Efficiency[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(03):217.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.02.0217]
[3]苗淑杰,乔云发,韩晓增.磷和根瘤菌交互作用对大豆结瘤和生长的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(02):271.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.02.0271]
　MIAO Shu-jie,QIAO Yun-fa,HAN Xiao-zeng.Effect of Phosphorus and Rhizobium on Growth and Nodule Development in Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(03):271.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.02.0271]
[4]敖雪,谢甫绨,张惠君,等.磷素处理对不同磷效率基因型大豆根系性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(05):787.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2008.05.0787]
　AO Xue,XIE Fu-ti,ZHANG Hui-jun,et al.Effect of Phosphorus on Root Traits of Soybean Cultivars with Different Phosphorus Efficiencies[J].Soybean Science,2008,27(03):787.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2008.05.0787]
[5]苗淑杰,乔云发,韩晓增,等.大豆根系特征与磷素吸收利用的关系[J].大豆科学,2007,26(01):16.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2007.01.005]
　MIAO Shu-jie,QIAO Yun-fa,HAN Xiao-zeng.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROOT CHARACTERS AND PHOSPHORUS ABSORPTION IN SOYBEAN[J].Soybean Science,2007,26(03):16.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2007.01.005]
[6]贾广军,柳勇,谷林静,等.AMF接种与作物根系分隔方式对紫色土上间作大豆生长及磷素吸收的影响[J].大豆科学,2015,34(03):436.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.03.0436]
　JIA Guang-jun,LIU Yong,GU Lin-jing,et al.Effect of AMF Inoculation and Root Separation on Plant Growth and Phosphorus Accumulation in Soybeans Growing on Purple Soil under Intercropping Conditions[J].Soybean Science,2015,34(03):436.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.03.0436]
[7]李姣姣,徐舟,梁翠月,等.不同磷浓度下结瘤对大豆生长及苹果酸合成和分泌的影响[J].大豆科学,2015,34(04):643.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.04.0643]
　LI Jiao-jiao,XU Zhou,LIANG Cui-yue,et al.Effects of Nodulation on Soybean Growth, Malate Synthesis and Exudation in Different Phosphorus Concentrations[J].Soybean Science,2015,34(03):643.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.04.0643]
[8]姚春雨,王秋菊,高中超,等.心土层肥力差异对大豆生长特性及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2016,35(05):776.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2016.05.0776]
　YAO Chun-yu,WANG Qiu-ju,GAO Zhong-chao,et al.Effects of Different Subsoil and Phosphate Fertilizing Treatments on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2016,35(03):776.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2016.05.0776]
[9]金 　剑,王光华 　刘晓冰 　陈雪丽 　李兴国.不同施磷量对大豆苗期根系形态性状的影响*[J].大豆科学,2006,25(04):360.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2006.04.0360]
　Jin Jian Wang Guanghua Liu XiaobingChen Xueli Li Xingguo.EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS REGIMES ON ROOT MORPHOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICS OF SOYBEAN SEEDLING[J].Soybean Science,2006,25(03):360.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2006.04.0360]

备注/Memo

收稿日期：2018-01-23

基金项目：黑龙江省科学基金（D2016006）；国家科技支撑(2017YFD0300405，2013BAD07B01)。
第一作者简介：高中超（1977-），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事土壤改良研究。E-mail：gaozhongchao0713@163.com。
通信作者：宋柏权（1979-），男，博士，副教授，主要从事作物施肥技术研究。E-mail：13212929229@163.com。

更新日期/Last Update: 2018-06-08