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Title:: Formation and Space-time Distribution of Flowers and Pods for Mid-mature Super-high-yielding Soybeans

Author(s):: ?ZHANG Jian-xin; JIA Ke-ke; AI Hong-yu; ?College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China

Keywords:: Soybean; Super-high-yield; Mid-mature varieties; Flowers and pods; Space-time distribution

Abstract:: ?Flowers and pods play an important role for the yield formation of soybean.Seven mid-mature soybean varieties(lines)were field planted and the space-time distribution of flowers and pods were systematically observed.Under the planting density between 32.8×10⁴and 35.0×10⁴ plants per hectare,yield level among varieties were mainly attributed to the difference of flowers,ratio of cavitiy to flower and pods per unit area.To obtain the yield level of 5 802.0-5 954.6 kg·ha^-1,the flowers,cavities,seeds per hectare for mid-mature super-high-yielding varities(lines) Heinong61,10-46 and 11-109 were 1 893.8×10⁴-3 027.6×10⁴,2 511.2×10⁴-2 646.6×10⁴ and 2 256.6×10⁴-2 275.0×10⁴,respectively,with the cavity to flower ratio of 0.87-1.33 and seed setting rate of 85.5%-90.5%.Flowers were mainly distributed in the middle and lower part,while pod cavities concentrated in the middle and upper section.Flowering for single plant maintained 21 to 27 days and peaked at 9th June.Pod setting peaked at 19th-27th June,with 6-10 nodes forming pods simultaneously.The duration of flowering and podding were 35 days.Under higher planting density conditions,to enhance the yield of midmature soybeans,the key cultivation measure is controlling the inter-node length of middle stem,increasing flowers and ratio of cavity to flower in the middle-upper section of plant,improving the ratio of the cavity and flower,so as to improve pod cavities per unit area.