The soybean current cultivars from Ohio State University and Liaoning province, and the old cultivars from Liaoning province, the seed qualities were compared, the results showed that the cultivars from Ohio had a bigger genetic gain of fat than that of cultivars from Lioaning.Among the old cultivars,Mukden was with the best quality, the total content of protein and fat was 64.7%,among the Liaoning current cultivars Liaodou 12 was the best, among the Ohio cultivars OhioFG1 was the best. Cultivar Mukden had the highest protein content(44.85%), Darby had the highest fat level(21.39%). The treatment of fertilizer (NH4)2HPO4could increase the seed protein content, and decrease the fat content.