Soybean varieties , Heinong 37(w ith high yield), Heinong 40 and Heino ng 41(with hig h yield andhigh photosynthetic rate)w ere used as materials in this experiment .The anatomy of pods f rom R3 , R4 , R5 , R6and R7 stages was conducted .The results show that :(1)The density of stomas on pod w all is similar amongdifferent types of variet ies .(2)The number of chloroplasts in assimilative cells of pods is big ger in varieties w ithhigh potosynthet ic rate than in common varieties with high yield .The distribution of chloroplasts in one pod ismore in both sutures than in both sides .(3)The size of chloroplast s and the number of g rana in them at R6 stageare bigger in varieties with high photosynthetic rate than in common varieties wi th high y ield .(4)In variet iesw ith high photosynthet ic rate , the density of vascular bundles in both sides and the number of vessels in bo th suturesof the pod are bigger than in common v arieties.