References:
[1 ] 孙儒泳, 1991, 动物生态学原理(第二版) ,北京师范大学出版社, 260[2 ] Silvert ow n J. W. Int roduction t o pl ant populat ion ecol ogy. Harlow: Longman, 1987: 168- 170
[3 ] Siw ertow n J. W. and Dous t J. L. , Int roduction t o plant popul ation biology. London: Blackw ell Scienti ficPublicat ions , 1993, 122- 123