LIANG Jian-qiu,AN Jian-gang,WANG Jia,et al.Effects of Different Planting Densities on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Soybean in Sichuan[J].Soybean Science,2021,40(05):653-661.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2021.05.0653]
不同种植密度对四川大豆农艺性状及产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Planting Densities on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Soybean in Sichuan
- Keywords:
- Soybean; Planting density; Agronomic characters; Lodging rate; Yield
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为确定不同大豆品种在四川的适宜种植密度，以便为高产栽培技术提供理论依据，本研究以油6019、南夏豆35、南夏豆38、南农99-6大豆品种为试验材料，设置20万、25万、31.25 万株?hm-2共3个种植密度，研究不同种植密度对大豆主要农艺性状、产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明：随着种植密度增加，各品种的株高、底荚高、平均节间长和倒伏率逐渐升高，成活植株率、有效分枝数、单株有效荚、单株粒数和单株粒重逐渐降低，而主茎节数和百粒重变化不明显； 但随着种植密度增加，各品种产量变化趋势及最高产量的适宜密度有所区别，油6019、南夏豆35、南农〖JP3〗99-6的产量随着密度增加而先增加后降低，均在密度为25 万株?hm-2 时产量最高，分别为3 049，2 754和3 182 kg?hm-2，而品种南夏豆38产量随着密度增加而逐渐降低，在20 万株?hm-2 时产量最高，为2 985 kg?hm-2。由此可见，品种油6019、南夏豆35和南农99-6在四川的适宜种植密度为25 万株?hm-2，南夏豆38为20万株?hm-2。
- Abstract:
- In order to determine the suitable planting density of different soybean varieties and provide theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation techniques in Sichuan，four soybean varieties including You 6019，Nanxiadou 35，Nanxiiadou 38 and Nannong 99-6 were used as experimental materials，three planting densities(200，250，312.5 thousand plants?ha-1 ) were set up to study its effects on the main agronomic traits，yield and yield components of soybean varieties.The results showed that with the increase of planting density，the plant height，bottom pod height，average internode length and lodging rate increased，the survival plant rate，effective branches，pods number，seeds and seed weight per plant decreased，while the number of main stem nodes and the 100-seed weight were not changed obviously.With the increase of planting density，the yield change trends of different varieties was different.The yield of You 6019，Nanxiadou 35，Nannong 99-6 increased firstly and then decreased and reached the highest yield 3 049，2 754 and 3 182 kg?ha-1 respectively under the planting density of 250 thousand plants?ha-1 .The yield of Nanxiiadou 38 decreased all the time and reached the highest yield 2 985 kg?ha-1 under the planting density of 200 thousand plants?ha-1.The results indicated that the suitable planting density in Sichuan of 〖JP3〗You 6019，Nanxiadou 35 and Nannong 99-6 were all 250 thousand plants?ha-1 ，and the suitable planting density of Nanxiiadou 38 was 200 thousand plants?ha-1 .
参考文献/References:
［1］郭天宝.中国大豆生产困境与出路研究[D].长春：吉林农业大学，2017.(Guo T B.Study on dilemma and way out of China′s soybean production[D].Changchun：Jilin Agricultural University，2017.)[2]中国产业信息网.2018年中国大豆进口量及进口来源国家分析图[EB/OL].[2018-8-15].https:∥www.chyxx.com/indust-ry/201808/667449.html.(China Industrial Information Network.Analysis chart of Chinese soybean imports and import origin country In 2018[EB/OL].[2018-8-15].https:∥www.chyxx.com/in-dustry/201808/667449.html.)[3]尹宗伦.担起重振我国大豆产业的任务[J].中国食品学报，2006，6(4):1-5.（Yin Z L.Undertaking the task for revitalization of our soybean[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Science and Technology，2006，6(4)：1-5.）[4]Tollenaar M，Lee E A.Yield potential，yield stability and stress tol-erance in maize[J].Field Crops Research，2002，88：161-169.[5]李敏，罗德强，江学海，等.控水增密模式对杂交籼稻减氮后产量形成的调控效应[J].作物学报，2020，46(9):1430-1447.(Li M，Luo D Q，Jiang X H，et al.Regulations of controlled irrigation and increased densities on yield formation of hybrid indica rice under nitrogen-reduction conditions[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica，2020，46(9)：1430-1447.)[6]胡月秋，徐开未，龙玲，等.玉米“正红6号”的密植效应［J］.草业学报，2020，29(7)：154-162.(Hu Y Q，Xu K W，Long L，et al.Effect of high plant density on yield of maize variety ‘Zhenghong No.6’[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica，2020，29(7)：154-162.)[7]郑飞娜，初金鹏，张秀，等.播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应[J].作物学报，2020，46(3)：423-431.(Zheng F N，Chu J P，Zhang X，et al.Interactive effects of sowing pattern and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in large spike wheat cultivar[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica，2020，46(3)：423-431.)[8]杜长玉，胡兴国，何忠仁，等.不同密度对大豆产量和生理指标影响的研究[J].内蒙古农业科技，2006(2)：35-36.(Du C Y，Hu X G，He Z R，et al.Effects of different densities on yield and physiological indicators of soybean[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology，2006(2)：35-36.)[9]陈圣伦.玉/豆套作模式的群体配置技术及其对大豆的效应研究[D].雅安：四川农业大学，2008.(Chen S L.Research on techniques of plant population configuration under maize/soybean relay-cropping system and their effects on soybean[D].Ya′an：Sichuan Agricultural University，2008.)[10]董钻.大豆产量生理[M].第2版.北京：中国农业出版社，2012：125-132，148-155.(Dong Z.Soybean yield physiology[M].2nd edition.Beijing：Agricultural Press，2012：125-132，148-155.)[11]吕书财，徐瑶，陈国兴，等.大豆冠层光合有效辐射、叶面积指数及产量对种植密度的响应[J].江苏农业科学，2018，46(18)：68-72.（Lyu S C，Xu Y，Chen G X，et al.Effects of plant densities on canopy photosynthetic radiation，leaf area index and yield of soybean[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences，2018，46(18)：68-72.）[12]田艺心，高凤菊，王乐政，等.密度对高蛋白大豆生长动态及产量的影响[J].大豆科学，2017，36(3)：385-390.(Tian Y X，Gao F J，Wang L Z，et al.Effect of plant density on growth tendency and yield of high protein soybean[J].Soybean Science，2017，36(3)：385-390.)[13]张建新，翟云龙，薛丽华.密度对高产春大豆生长动态及干物质积累分配的影响[J].大豆科学，2006，25(1)：1-5.（Zhang J X，Zhai Y L，Xue L H，et al.Effect of plant density on growth tendency，dry matter accumulation and distribution in high yield spring soybean[J].Soybean Science，2006，25(1)：1-5.）[14]谢甫绨，王贺，张惠君，等.不同肥密处理对超高产大豆辽豆14的影响[J].大豆科学，2008，27(1)：61-68.（Xie F T，Wang H，Zhang H J，et al.Effects of different fertilizer levels and planting density on super high-yield soybean Liaodou 14[J].Soybean Science，2008，27(1)：61-68.）[15]樊海潮，张继雨，王俊涛，等.种植密度对大豆新品种产量及农艺性状的影响[J].山东农业科学，2020，52(2)：38-42.(Fan H C，Zhang J Y，Wang J T，et al.Effect of different planting densities on yield and agronomic characters of new soybean varieties[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences，2020，52(2)：38-42.)[16]王文斌，张力军，王昌陵.种植密度对辽宁省主栽大豆品种主要性状及产量的影响[J].杂粮作物，2009，9(3)：212-215.(Wang W B，Zhang L J，Wang C L.Effect of different planting densities on main characters and yield of major cultivated soybean varieties in Liaoning Province[J].Rain Fed Crops，2009，29(3)：212-215.)[17]Fehr W Ｒ，Caviness C E．Stages of soybean development.Special Report 80[R].Iowa：Iowa State University，1977.[18]马国胜，薛吉全，路海东，等.播种时期与密度对关中灌区夏玉米群体生理指标的影响[J].应用生态学报，2007，18(6)：1247-1253.(Ma G S，Xue J Q，Lu H D，et al.Effects of planting date and density on population physiological indices of summer corn (Zea mays L.) in central Shaanxi irrigation area[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2007，18(6)：1247-1253.)[19]朱元刚，高凤菊，曹鹏鹏.种植密度对玉米－大豆间作群体产量和经济产值的影响[J].应用生态学报，2015，26(6)：1751-758.(Zhu Y G，Gao F J，Cao P P.Effect of plant density on population yield and economic output value in maize-soybean inter-cropping[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2015，26(6)：1751-1758.)[20]梁建秋，于晓波，吴海英，等.密度及烯效唑喷施对套作大豆南夏豆25抗倒性及产量的影响[J].大豆科学，2017，36(1)：33-40.（Liang J Q，Yu X B，Wu H Y，et al.Impact of density and uniconazole on stem lodging resistance and yield of inter-planting soybean cultivar Nanxiadou 25[J].Soybean Science，2017，36(1)：33-40.）[21]史宏.种植密度对机械化收获大豆底荚高度的影响[J].农学学报，2017，7(9):62-67. (Shi H.Effect of planting density on the bottom pod height of soybean under mechanized harvesting[J].Journal of Agriculture，2017，7(9)：62-67.) [22]刘卫国.不同种植密度对夏大豆农艺性状的影响[J].现代农业科技，2011(5)：51-52.（Liu W G.Effects of different planting densities on agronomic characters of summer soybean[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology，2011(5)：51-52.）[23]陈喜凤，孙宁，谷岩，等.不同群体结构下大豆植株抗倒性能的比较[J].华南农业大学学报，2015，36(1)：33-41.(Chen X F，Sun N，Gu Y，et al.Comparison on lodging-resistance characters of soybean in different population structures[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University，2015，36(1)：33-41.)[24]杨旭，赵云，周静，等.播期和种植密度对大豆新品种山宁15号产量及构成因子的影响[J].农业科技通讯，2016(4):31-34.(Yang X，Zhao Y，Zhou J.Effects of sowing date and planting densities on yield and yield components of new soybean varieties Sanning 15[J].Agricultural Science & Technology Newsletter，2016(4):31-34.)[25]Herbert S J，Litchfield G V.Growth response of short-season soybean to variations in row spacing and density[J].Field Crops Research，1984，9(3):163-171.[26]武新艳，张振晓，张小虎.种植密度对大豆产量及农艺性状的影响[J].农业科技通讯，2014(4)：103-104.(Wu X Y，Zhang Z X，Zhang X H.Effects of planting densities on yield and agronomic characters of soybean[J].Agricultural Science & Technology Newsletter，2014(4):103-104.)[27]任小俊，吕新云，马俊奎.种植密度与施肥水平对山西早熟夏大豆产量与主要农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学，2019，38(6)：921-927.（Ren X J，Lyu X Y，Ma J K.Effects of different planting densities and fertilization levels on yield and main agronomic characters of early-maturing summer soybean in Shanxi Province[J].Soybean Science，2019，38(6)：921-927.）[28]李灿东，郭泰，郑伟，等.播种密度及施肥水平对耐密植大豆合农 76 产量性状的影响[J].大豆科学，2017，36(5)：727-732.(Li C D，Guo T，Zheng W，et al.Effect of sowing density and fertilizer levels on the yield traits of high dense planting soybean cultivar Henong 76[J].Soybean Science，2017，36(5)：727-732.) [29]李文龙，李喜焕，常文锁，等.不同播期、密度和施肥量对保豆3号农艺性状影响[J].西北农业学报，2014，23(2)：107-113.(Li W L，Li X H，Chang W S，et al.Effects of sowing date，planting densities and fertilizer levels on agronomic traits of Baodou 3[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica，2014，23(2)：107-113.)[30]Ren Y，Liu J，Wang Z.Planting density and sowing proportions of maize-soybean intercrops affected competitive interactions and water-use efficiencies on the Loess Plateau，China[J].European Journal of Agronomy，2016，72：70-79.[31]Echarte L，Maggiora A D，Cerrudo D.Yield response to plant de-nsity of maize and sunflower intercropped with soybean[J].Field Crops Research，2011，121(3)：423-429.[32]于洪久.种植密度对大豆光合生理及产量的影响[J].大豆科学，2009，28(6)：1115-1118.(Yu H J.Effects of plant density on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of soybean[J].Soybean Science，2009，28(6)：1115-1118.)
相似文献/References:
[1]刘章雄,李卫东,孙石,等.1983～2010年北京大豆育成品种的亲本地理来源及其遗传贡献[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):1.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.002]
LIU Zhang-xiong,LI Wei-dong,SUN Shi,et al.Geographical Sources of Germplasm and Their Nuclear Contribution to Soybean Cultivars Released during 1983 to 2010 in Beijing[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):1.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.002]
[2]李彩云,余永亮,杨红旗,等.大豆脂质转运蛋白基因GmLTP3的特征分析[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):8.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.003]
LI Cai-yun,YU Yong-liang,YANG Hong-qi,et al.Characteristics of a Lipid-transfer Protein Gene GmLTP3 in Glycine max[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):8.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.003]
[3]王明霞,崔晓霞,薛晨晨,等.大豆耐盐基因GmHAL3a的克隆及RNAi载体的构建[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):12.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.004]
WANG Ming-xia,CUI Xiao-xia,XUE Chen-chen,et al.Cloning of Halotolerance 3 Gene and Construction of Its RNAi Vector in Soybean (Glycine max)[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):12.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.004]
[4]张春宝,李玉秋,彭宝,等.线粒体ISSR与SCAR标记鉴定大豆细胞质雄性不育系与保持系[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):19.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.005]
ZHANG Chun-bao,LI Yu-qiu,PENG Bao,et al.Identification of Soybean Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Maintainer Line with Mitochondrial ISSR and SCAR Markers[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):19.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.005]
[5]卢清瑶,赵琳,李冬梅,等.RAV基因对拟南芥和大豆不定芽再生的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):23.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.006]
LU Qing-yao,ZHAO Lin,LI Dong-mei,et al.Effects of RAV gene on Shoot Regeneration of Arabidopsis and Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):23.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.006]
[6]杜景红,刘丽君.大豆fad3c基因沉默载体的构建[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):28.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.007]
DU Jing-hong,LIU Li-jun.Construction of fad3c Gene Silencing Vector in Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):28.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.007]
[7]张力伟,樊颖伦,牛腾飞,等.大豆“冀黄13”突变体筛选及突变体库的建立[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):33.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.008]
ZHANG Li-wei,FAN Ying-lun,NIU Teng-fei?,et al.Screening of Mutants and Construction of Mutant Population for Soybean Cultivar "Jihuang13”[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):33.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.008]
[8]盖江南,张彬彬,吴瑶,等.大豆不定胚悬浮培养基因型筛选及基因枪遗传转化的研究[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):38.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.009]
GAI Jiang-nan,ZHANG Bin-bin,WU Yao,et al.Screening of Soybean Genotypes Suitable for Suspension Culture with Adventitious Embryos and Genetic Transformation by Particle Bombardment[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):38.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.009]
[9]王鹏飞,刘丽君,唐晓飞,等.适于体细胞胚发生的大豆基因型筛选[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):43.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.010]
WANG Peng-fei,LIU Li-jun,TANG Xiao-fei,et al.Screening of Soybean Genotypes Suitable for Somatic Embryogenesis[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):43.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.010]
[10]刘德兴,年海,杨存义,等.耐酸铝大豆品种资源的筛选与鉴定[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):46.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.011]
LIU De-xing,NIAN Hai,YANG Cun-yi,et al.Screening and Identifying Soybean Germplasm Tolerant to Acid Aluminum[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):46.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.011]
[11]肖亦农,谢甫绨,肖万欣.不同肥密处理对超高产大豆氮素吸收和产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2011,30(05):769.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2011.05.0769]
XIAO Yi-nong,XIE Fu-ti,XIAO Wan-xin.Effect of Different Fertilizer Level and Planting Density on Nitrogen Absorption and Yield of Super-High-Yielding Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2011,30(05):769.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2011.05.0769]
[12]于洪久.种植密度对大豆光合生理及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(06):1115.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.06.1115]
YU Hong-jiu.Effects of Plant Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(05):1115.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.06.1115]
[13]肖万欣,张惠君,王海英,等.钙和镁在超高产大豆辽豆14器官中的积累与分布[J].大豆科学,2009,28(01):46.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.01.0046]
XIAO Wan-xin,ZHANG Hui-jun,WANG Hai-ying,et al.Accumulation and Distribution of Ca and Mg in Super High Yielding Soybean cv.Liaodou 14[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(05):46.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.01.0046]
[14]肖万欣,谢甫绨,张惠君,等.超高产大豆辽豆14的氮素积累与利用[J].大豆科学,2008,27(06):960.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2008.06.0960]
XIAO Wan-xin,XIE Fu-ti,ZHANG Hui-jun,et al.Accumulation and Utilization of Nitrogen in Super-High-Yielding Soybean cv.Liaodou 14[J].Soybean Science,2008,27(05):960.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2008.06.0960]
[15]任小俊,吕新云,马俊奎.种植密度与施肥水平对山西早熟夏大豆产量与主要农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2019,38(06):921.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2019.06.0921]
REN Xiao-jun,LYU Xin-yun,MA Jun-kui.Effects of Different Planting Densities and Fertilization Levels on Yield and Main Agronomic Characters of Early-maturing Summer Soybean in Shanxi Province[J].Soybean Science,2019,38(05):921.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2019.06.0921]
[16]梁旭光,王福林,赵红磊,等.基于RBF神经网络的大豆种植密度和施肥量优化[J].大豆科学,2020,39(03):406.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2020.03.0406]
LIANG Xu-guang,WANG Fu-lin,ZHAO Hong-lei,et al.Optimization of Soybean Planting Density and Fertilizer Application Rate Based on RBF Neural Network[J].Soybean Science,2020,39(05):406.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2020.03.0406]
[17]周长军,田中艳,吴耀坤,等.种植密度与氮肥追施对农庆豆28农艺性状及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2022,41(06):688.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2022.06.0688]
ZHOU Chang-jun,TIAN Zhong-yan,WU Yao-kun,et al.Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Topdressing on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Nongqingdou 28[J].Soybean Science,2022,41(05):688.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2022.06.0688]
[18]刘明,王贞杰,孙亚男,等.基于主茎力学特性的大豆种质资源抗倒伏性分析[J].大豆科学,2023,42(01):23.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2023.01.0023]
[19]卢 珊,王福林.基于BP-LCO的大豆种植密度和施肥量优化[J].大豆科学,2023,42(02):204.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2023.02.0204]
[20]刘长远,王磊,齐玉鑫,等.播期、密度及施肥量对牡豆15主要农艺性状和光合特性的影响[J].大豆科学,2023,42(02):212.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2023.02.0212]
备注/Memo
收稿日期：2021-04-06