LI Rui-dong,XU Cai-long,YIN Yang-yang,et al.Effects of Close Planting on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Less Branched Soybean Varieties[J].Soybean Science,2021,40(05):633-642.[doi:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2021.05.0633]
增密对少分枝大豆品种光合特性和产量形成的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Close Planting on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Less Branched Soybean Varieties
- Keywords:
- Soybean; Close planting; Less branching; Photosynthetic properties; Yield
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为深入分析在农业机械水平提高、精量播种技术提升背景下应运而生的少分枝大豆品种对密度增加的响应情况,探讨其最适播种密度,优化大豆栽培模式,以2个不同分枝类型的品种(少分枝中作XA12938和多分枝中黄13)为供试材料,于2018—2019年,设置6个种植密度(13.5万,18.0万,22.5万,27.0万,31.5万和36.0万株?hm-2),研究增密种植条件下不同分枝类型品种光合特性变化和产量差异。结果表明:(1)冠层光截获率随种植密度的增加而增加,增至27万株?hm-2时趋于稳定,与中黄13相比,中作XA12938关键时期冠层光截获率提高4.90%。(2)SPAD随密度的增加而增大,且高密度处理(31.5万和36.0万株?hm-2)下SPAD最大值可提前至R3期出现,此外,与中黄13相比,中作XA12938 SPAD高值持续期较长。(3)Fv/Fm随种植密度的增加而降低,中黄13高密度处理降低幅度(5.10%)大于中作XA12938(3.51%)。被动耗散占比Y(NO)中作XA12938与中黄13相比,处理间随密度增大而增加幅度较小,极值出现晚。(4)中作XA12938和中黄13最大净光合速率分别为30.46和24.34 μmol?m-2?s-1,且随种植密度增加,中作XA12938净光合速率降幅(17.73%)小于中黄13(22.51%),各密度条件下中作XA12938净光合速率表现均存在优势。(5)随种植密度增加大豆产量总体先增加后趋平,当种植密度大于18.0万株?hm-2时即可达到增产效果。中作XA12938产量潜力更高,且耐密植能力更强。综合分析说明,增加种植密度有利于提高大豆光能利用效率,尽管大豆单株光合能力下降,但少分枝品种单株净光合速率和Fv/Fm在增密条件下降幅更小且稳定性较强。少分枝品种中作XA12938产量潜力较高,且密植条件下叶片持绿性强,冠层光能截获率和叶片净光合能力增强,被动耗散占比增幅较小,有利于光能资源利用,可在高密度种植条件下稳定增产。因此,生产中可选用密植时光合特性较稳定的少分枝品种,通过适当增加种植密度提高产量、增加效益。
- Abstract:
- In order to investigate the response of less branched soybean varieties to increased density in the context of improved agricultural machinery and precision sowing technology,to explore their optimum sowing density and to optimize soybean cultivation patterns,this study used two varieties with different branching types (less branched variety Zhongzuo XA12938 and more branched variety Zhonghuang 13)as test materials and planted at six densities(1.35×105,1.80×105,2.25×105,2.70×105,3.15×105 and 3.60×105 plants?ha-1) from 2018 to 2019.The planting densities(1.80×105,2.25×105,2.70×105,3.15×105 and 3.60×105 plants?ha-1) were used to study the photosynthetic characteristics and yield differences between varieties with different branching types under close planting conditions.(1) Canopy light interception rate increased with increasing planting density and stabilized at 2.70×105 plants?ha-1,with 4.90% higher light interception in the canopy during the critical period in Zhongzuo XA12938 compared to Zhonghuang 13.(2) The SPAD increased with increasing density and the highest SPAD values could occur earlier up to the R3 stage at high density treatments (3.15×105 〖JP3〗and 3.60×105 plants?ha-1).In addition,the high SPAD values lasted longer in Zhongzuo XA12938 compared to Zhonghuang 13.(3) Fv/Fm decreased with increasing planting density,and the decrease was greater for Zhonghuang 13 (5.10%) high density treatments than for Zhongzuo XA12938 (3.51%).The photodamage percentage Y(NO) of Zhongzuo XA12938 increases less with increasing density between treatments and the maximum value occured later compared to the photodamage percentage Y(NO) of Zhonghuang 13.(4) The maximum net photosynthetic rates of Zhongzuo XA12938 and Zhonghuang 13 were 30.46 and 24.34 μmol?m-2?s-1,respectively,and the decrease in net photosynthetic rate with increasing planting density was smaller in Zhongzuo XA12938 (17.73%) than in Zhonghuang 13 (22.51%),with Zhongzuo XA12938 showing an advantage in net photosynthetic rate at all densities.(5) With increasing planting density,soybean yield generally tends to increase before leveling off.Yield increases were achieved when planting density was greater than 1.80×105 plants?ha-1.In addition,comparing the two varieties,we found that Zhongzuo XA12938 had a higher yield potential and was more tolerant to dense planting.It was found that increasing planting density was beneficial to the improvement of soybean light energy use efficiency,and although the photosynthetic capacity of soybean individual plants decreased,the net photosynthetic rate and Fv/Fm increased density of less branched varieties decreased in a smaller and more stable way.In summary,the less branched variety Zhongzuo XA12938 has a high yield potential,and under dense planting conditions the leaves have a strong green holding capacity,the canopy light energy interception rate and the net photosynthetic capacity of the leaves are strong,smaller increase in percentage of light damage,which is conducive to the use of light energy resources and can increase yields steadily under high density planting conditions.Therefore,in production,we can use less branched and dense planting varieties with more stable photosynthetic characteristics,and increase the planting density appropriately,so as to improve the yield and benefit.Keywords:
参考文献/References:
[1]尹阳阳,徐彩龙,宋雯雯,等.密植是挖掘大豆产量潜力的重要栽培途径[J].土壤与作物,2019,8(4):361-367.(Yin Y Y,Xu C L,Song W W,et al.Increasing planting density is an important approach to achieve the potential of soybean yield[J].Soils and Crops,2019,8(4):361-367.) [2]Sun Z X,Su C,Yun J,et al.Genetic improvement of the shoot arc-hitecture and yield in soya bean plants via the manipulation of GmmiR156b[J].Plant Biotechnol Journal,2019,17:50-62.[3]张瑞朋,付连舜,佟斌,等.密度及行距对不同大豆品种农艺性状及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2015,34(1):52-55.(Zhang R P,Fu L S,Tong B,et al.Effect of plant density and row spacing on agronomic characteristics and yield for different soybeans[J].Soybean Science,2015,34(1):52-55.)[4]Place G T,Reberg-Horton S C,Dunphy J E,et al.Seeding rate eff-ects on weed control and yield for organic soybean production[J].Weed Technology,2009,23:497-502.[5]Carciochi W D,Schwalbert R,Andrade F H,et al.Soybean seed yield response to plant density by yield environment in North America[J].Agronomy Journal,2019,111:1923-1932.[6]Walker E R,Mengistu A,Bellaloui N,et al.Plant population and row-spacing effects on maturity group III soybean[J].Agronomy Journal,2010,102:821-826.[7]Suhre J J,Weidenbenner N H,Rowntree S C,et al.Soybean yield partitioning changes revealed by genetic gain and seeding rate interactions[J].Agronomy Journal,2014,106:1631-1642.[8]王金陵.中国东北大豆[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学出版社,1999.(Wang J L.Northeast China soybean[M].Harbin:Heilongjiang Science Press,1999.) [9]郑伟,谢甫绨,郭泰,等.密度对不同类型大豆叶部性状的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(1):66-70.(Zheng W,Xie F T,Guo T,et al.Effect of density for different types of leaf traits on soybean[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2014,36(1):66-70.) [10]Li T,Liu Y J,Shi L,et al.Systemic regulation of photosynthetic function in field-grown sorghum[J].Plant Physidogy and Biochemisty,2015,94:86-94.[11]Stewart D W,Costa C,Dwyer L M,et al.Canopy structure,light interception,and photosynthesis in maize[J].Agronomy Journal,2003,95(6):1465-1474.[12]Board J E,Harville B G.Growth dynamics during the vegetative period affects yield of narrow-row,late-planted soybean[J].Agronomy Journal,1996,88(44):575-579.[13]Haile F J,Higley L G,Specht J E.Soybean leaf morphology and defoliation tolerance[J].Agronomy Journal,1998,90(3):353-362.[14]王晨光,郝兴宇,李红英,等.CO2浓度升高对大豆光合作用和叶绿素荧光的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(8):1583-1588.(Wang C G,Hao X Y,Li H Y,et al.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on soybean photosynthesis and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2015,29(8):1583-1588.)[15]徐澜,高志强,安伟,等.冬麦春播条件下旗叶光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数变化及其与产量的关系[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):133-142.(Xu L,Gao Z Q,An W,et al.Flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics,change in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and their relationships with yield of winter wheat sowed in spring [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):133-142.) [16]马兆惠,车仁君,谢甫绨,等.种植密度和种植方式对超高产大豆根系形态和活力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(6):1084-1094.(Ma Z H,Che R J,Wang H Y,et al.Effect of different seeding rates and planting patterns on root morphological traits and root vigor of super-high-yield soybean cultivars[J] Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(6):1084-1094.)[17]Liu B,Liu X B,Wang C,et al.Soybean yield and yield component distribution across the main axis in response to light enrichment and shading under different densities[J].Plant Soil and Environment,2010,56(8):384-392.[18]Vu J C V,Jr L H A,Boote K J,et al.Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on photosynthesis and rubisco in rice and soybean[J].Plant Cell & Environment,2010,20(1):68-76.[19]Cui Z,T,Jr T E C,Burton J W.Genetic base of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars released during 1923 to 1995[J].Crop Science,2000,40(5):1470-1481.[20]Nehbandani A,Soltani A,Zeinali Z,et al.Allometric relationships between leaf area and vegetative characteristics in soybean[J].Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences,2013:1127-1136.[21]谭春燕.不同密度下间作大豆的光合生理响应[C]//中国作物学会大豆专业委员会,中国作物学会.第24届全国大豆科研生产研讨会论文摘要集.北京:中国作物学会大豆专业委员会,2014:83.(T C Y.The photosynthetic physiology responses of soybean intercrop under planting density[C]//Soybean Specialized Committee of Chinese Crop Society,Chinese Crop Society.The 24th National Soybean Scientific Research and Production Symposium Paper Abstract Collection.Beijing:Soybean Professional Conmittee of China Crop Society,2014:83.)[22]张永强,张娜,李亚杰,等.种植密度对夏大豆光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(7):1386-1391.(Zhang Y Q,ZHANG N,LI Y J,et al.Effects of plant population on photosynthetic characteristics and yield components of summer soybean[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2015,29(7):1386-1391.)[23]Bhagsari A S,Ashley D A,Brown R H,et al.Leaf photosynthetic characteristics of determinate soybean cultivars[J].Crop Science,1977,17:929-932.[24]李灿东,郭泰,王志新,等.大豆叶面施氮对合农64叶片叶绿素含量及干物质积累的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(9):142-145.(Li C D,Guo T,Wang Z X,et al.Effect of Chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation on leaf nitrogen application for ‘Henong64’[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(9):142-145.) [25]王昱,范杰英,王玮,等.不同密度对大豆生理特性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(8):38-40.(Wang Y,Fan J Y,WANG W,et al.Effect of different density on the soybean physiological characteristics[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2012(8):38-40.)[26]连金番,赵志刚,罗瑞萍,等.不同种植密度耦合根瘤菌对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2019,47(16):109-111.(Lian J F,Zhao Z G,Luo R P,et al.Effects of different planting densities coupled with rhizobia on agronomic traits and yield of soybean[J].Jiangxi Agricultural Sciences,2019,47(16):109-111.)[27]董雅致,徐克章,崔喜艳,等.不同年代大豆品种根系活力的变化及其与植株生物量的关系[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(3):345-353.(Dong Y Z,Xu K Z,Cui X Y,et al.Changes of root soybean professional comittee of China crop seciety,activity and its correlation with plant biomass of soybean cultivars released in different years[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2015,51(3):345-353.) [28]郑伟,谢甫绨,王庆胜,等.密度对不同类型大豆叶部性状的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(1):66-70.(Zheng W,Xie F T,Wang Q S,et al.Effect of density for different types of leaf traits on soybean[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2014,36(1):66-70.)[29]Browde J A,Pedigo L P,Owen M,et al.Soybean yield and pest management as influenced by nematodes,herbicides,and defoliating insects[J].Agronomy Journal,1994,86(4):601-608.[30]Haile F J,Higley L G,Specht J E.Soybean leaf morphology and defoliation tolerance[J].Agronomy Journal,1998,90(3):353-362.[31]徐澜,高志强,安伟,等.冬麦春播条件下旗叶光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数变化及其与产量的关系[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):133-142.(Xu L,Gao Z Q,An W,et al.Flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics change in chlorophyll fluorescence parametersand their relationships with yield of winter wheat sowed in spring[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):133-142.)[32]黄俊霞.耐密大豆品种高产群体生理特征分析[D].吉林:吉林农业大学,2020:15-17.(Huang J X.Analysis of physiological characteristic of high yield population of resistant soybean varieties[J].Jilin:Jilin Agricultural University,2020:15-17.)
相似文献/References:
[1]刘章雄,李卫东,孙石,等.1983~2010年北京大豆育成品种的亲本地理来源及其遗传贡献[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):1.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.002]
LIU Zhang-xiong,LI Wei-dong,SUN Shi,et al.Geographical Sources of Germplasm and Their Nuclear Contribution to Soybean Cultivars Released during 1983 to 2010 in Beijing[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):1.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.002]
[2]李彩云,余永亮,杨红旗,等.大豆脂质转运蛋白基因GmLTP3的特征分析[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):8.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.003]
LI Cai-yun,YU Yong-liang,YANG Hong-qi,et al.Characteristics of a Lipid-transfer Protein Gene GmLTP3 in Glycine max[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):8.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.003]
[3]王明霞,崔晓霞,薛晨晨,等.大豆耐盐基因GmHAL3a的克隆及RNAi载体的构建[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):12.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.004]
WANG Ming-xia,CUI Xiao-xia,XUE Chen-chen,et al.Cloning of Halotolerance 3 Gene and Construction of Its RNAi Vector in Soybean (Glycine max)[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):12.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.004]
[4]张春宝,李玉秋,彭宝,等.线粒体ISSR与SCAR标记鉴定大豆细胞质雄性不育系与保持系[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):19.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.005]
ZHANG Chun-bao,LI Yu-qiu,PENG Bao,et al.Identification of Soybean Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Maintainer Line with Mitochondrial ISSR and SCAR Markers[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):19.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.005]
[5]卢清瑶,赵琳,李冬梅,等.RAV基因对拟南芥和大豆不定芽再生的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):23.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.006]
LU Qing-yao,ZHAO Lin,LI Dong-mei,et al.Effects of RAV gene on Shoot Regeneration of Arabidopsis and Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):23.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.006]
[6]杜景红,刘丽君.大豆fad3c基因沉默载体的构建[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):28.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.007]
DU Jing-hong,LIU Li-jun.Construction of fad3c Gene Silencing Vector in Soybean[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):28.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.007]
[7]张力伟,樊颖伦,牛腾飞,等.大豆“冀黄13”突变体筛选及突变体库的建立[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):33.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.008]
ZHANG Li-wei,FAN Ying-lun,NIU Teng-fei?,et al.Screening of Mutants and Construction of Mutant Population for Soybean Cultivar "Jihuang13”[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):33.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.008]
[8]盖江南,张彬彬,吴瑶,等.大豆不定胚悬浮培养基因型筛选及基因枪遗传转化的研究[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):38.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.009]
GAI Jiang-nan,ZHANG Bin-bin,WU Yao,et al.Screening of Soybean Genotypes Suitable for Suspension Culture with Adventitious Embryos and Genetic Transformation by Particle Bombardment[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):38.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.009]
[9]王鹏飞,刘丽君,唐晓飞,等.适于体细胞胚发生的大豆基因型筛选[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):43.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.010]
WANG Peng-fei,LIU Li-jun,TANG Xiao-fei,et al.Screening of Soybean Genotypes Suitable for Somatic Embryogenesis[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):43.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.010]
[10]刘德兴,年海,杨存义,等.耐酸铝大豆品种资源的筛选与鉴定[J].大豆科学,2013,32(01):46.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.011]
LIU De-xing,NIAN Hai,YANG Cun-yi,et al.Screening and Identifying Soybean Germplasm Tolerant to Acid Aluminum[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(05):46.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.011]
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-05-08